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OpenCaseLaw — Swiss Caselaw, Statutes & Doctrine

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1M+ Swiss court decisions, statutes & doctrine with citation graph (DE/FR/IT). CC0, free, 42 tools.

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analyze_legal_trend Read-only

Year-by-year decision counts showing jurisprudence evolution. Use with a statute reference (law_code + article), a text query, or both. Returns yearly counts with visual bar chart.

courtstring

Optional court filter

querystring

Optional text query (FTS search)

articlestring

Article number (requires law_code)

date_tostring

Optional end date (YYYY-MM-DD)

law_codestring

Optional law code (e.g., BV, OR, EMRK). Requires article.

date_fromstring

Optional start date (YYYY-MM-DD)

OpenCaseLaw — Swiss Caselaw, Statutes & Doctrine MCP server | mcptry

Tools (42)

Tool list last changed Oct 26, 2026.

analyze_legal_trend

Year-by-year decision counts showing jurisprudence evolution. Use with a statute reference (law_code + article), a text query, or both. Returns yearly counts with visual bar chart.

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
court	string	Optional court filter
query	string	Optional text query (FTS search)
article	string	Article number (requires law_code)
date_to	string	Optional end date (YYYY-MM-DD)
law_code	string	Optional law code (e.g., BV, OR, EMRK). Requires article.
date_from	string	Optional start date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "court": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Optional court filter"
    },
    "query": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Optional text query (FTS search)"
    },
    "article": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Article number (requires law_code)"
    },
    "date_to": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Optional end date (YYYY-MM-DD)"
    },
    "law_code": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Optional law code (e.g., BV, OR, EMRK). Requires article."
    },
    "date_from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Optional start date (YYYY-MM-DD)"
    }
  }
}

attest_response

MANDATORY FINAL-STEP AUDIT of your draft answer. Checks five hallucination classes: (1) every case citation (BGE/BGer/BVGer/BStGer/BPatGer/MKGE, FR/IT forms) exists and any pinpoint (E. X.Y) resolves to a real Erwägung; (2) every 'Art. X LAW' statute reference resolves; (3) quoted passages (60-400 chars) near a citation or statute reference are verbatim in that source (DE/FR/IT; audit_quotes, on by default); (4) decision dates adjacent to citations match the stored dates; (5) with audit_grounding=true, an LLM judge checks that each cited source supports the preceding claim (one call, ~3 s). Returns the annotated draft, an issues list and a `ledger` (denominator per check). It certifies the draft's own citations, quotations and statute references; it does not certify that no relevant authority is missing. CALL THIS BEFORE emitting any answer with a case citation, statute reference or quotation; set audit_grounding=true for 2+ citations. If ok=false, fix each issue; if ok=true, send linked_text verbatim.

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Argument	Type	Description
draft_text*	string	Your draft response text.
audit_quotes	boolean	Verifies that every quoted passage (60-400 chars) within ~250 chars of a case citation or an 'Art. X LAW' reference appears verbatim in the cited decision or in that statute article (DE/FR/IT). On by default since 2026-09-05 (0.0 % false positives measured on 3,964 statute paragraphs after the footnote fix). Pass false when the draft quotes material that is not a decision or a statute (party submissions, witness statements, contracts) to keep those quotes out of the audit.
audit_grounding	boolean	When true, additionally runs the LLM-judge grounding rail: for each verified case citation in the draft, the preceding claim sentence is checked against the cited Erwägung / Regeste / text by an independent Sonnet judge. Catches the 'reasoning error' class (real citation, unsupported proposition). Adds ~3 s and one Sonnet call (~$0.005). Set to true for any answer with ≥2 citations or where a wrong proposition would mislead a Swiss lawyer.

browse_legislation_changes

Browse recent legislation changes for a canton or federal level. Shows new laws, amendments, and abrogations with dates.

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Argument	Type	Description
canton	string	Canton code (CH for federal, ZH, BE, etc.). Default: CH.
language	string	OPTIONAL filter. Restricts results to ONE language version. Omit (recommended default) to fan out across DE/FR/IT and merge results — LexFind's API is single-language per request, so omission triggers a 3-way parallel call with deduplication. Set ONLY when the user explicitly asks for one language.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "canton": {
      "type": "string",
      "default": "CH",
      "description": "Canton code (CH for federal, ZH, BE, etc.). Default: CH."
    },
    "language": {
      "enum": [
        "de",
        "fr",
        "it"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "OPTIONAL filter. Restricts results to ONE language version. Omit (recommended default) to fan out across DE/FR/IT and merge results — LexFind's API is single-language per request, so omission triggers a 3-way parallel call with deduplication. Set ONLY when the user explicitly asks for one language."
    }
  }
}

check_claim_support

Verify whether a Swiss court decision actually supports a legal claim. Uses an independent Sonnet judge to compare the claim against verbatim text from the decision (Erwägung if pinpoint given, else Regeste, else first portion of full text). Returns {supports: yes|partial|no|contradicts|unrelated, confidence, supporting_excerpt, qualifying_excerpt, reasoning}. CALL THIS for any claim where citing the wrong authority would mislead the user — especially when paraphrasing a decision or drawing a proposition from a complex Erwägung. If supports=no or contradicts, do NOT use the cited decision for that claim.

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Argument	Type	Description
claim*	string	The legal proposition you want to verify (e.g., 'A landlord is liable for fire-police violations under Art. 256 OR.').
pinpoint	string	Optional Erwägung number ('2.3'). If given, only that paragraph is judged; more precise verdict.
decision_id*	string	Decision you intend to cite as authority.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "claim",
    "decision_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "claim": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The legal proposition you want to verify (e.g., 'A landlord is liable for fire-police violations under Art. 256 OR.')."
    },
    "pinpoint": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Optional Erwägung number ('2.3'). If given, only that paragraph is judged; more precise verdict."
    },
    "decision_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Decision you intend to cite as authority."
    }
  }
}

cite

Get the canonical Swiss citation string for a decision reference. CALL THIS BEFORE writing any case citation in your response. Returns ready-to-embed citation_string (DE/FR/IT variants plus a canonical URL) and a verbatim rule_statement. If the reference doesn't exist, returns exists=false plus close_matches for typo-correction — DO NOT guess or construct citations yourself; if you get exists=false, either re-query with a close match or skip the citation entirely. Accepts any Swiss reference form: decision_id (bger_4A_747_2012), BGE reference (BGE 140 III 86), or docket number (4A_747/2012). Optional pinpoint ('2.3') generates the Erwägung-anchored citation and URL. A pinpoint the decision does not contain returns pinpoint_valid=false plus the UNPINPOINTED citation_string — never re-append the rejected pinpoint to it.

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Argument	Type	Description
language	string	Primary language for the citation_string field (all three variants always returned). Default: de.
pinpoint	string	Optional Erwägung/consid. number ('2.3', '5.2.1'). Included in the citation and as a #e-2-3 URL anchor.
reference*	string	Any form of Swiss case reference: decision_id, BGE ref, or docket number. E.g. 'BGE 140 III 86', '4A_747/2012', 'bger_4A_747_2012', 'MKGE 16 Nr. 1'.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "reference"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "language": {
      "enum": [
        "de",
        "fr",
        "it"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Primary language for the citation_string field (all three variants always returned). Default: de."
    },
    "pinpoint": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Optional Erwägung/consid. number ('2.3', '5.2.1'). Included in the citation and as a #e-2-3 URL anchor."
    },
    "reference": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Any form of Swiss case reference: decision_id, BGE ref, or docket number. E.g. 'BGE 140 III 86', '4A_747/2012', 'bger_4A_747_2012', 'MKGE 16 Nr. 1'."
    }
  }
}

draft_mock_decision

Build a research-only mock decision outline from user facts. Combines relevant Swiss case law retrieval with statute references. If possible, enriches statutes with Fedlex text excerpts. IMPORTANT: The tool may return clarification questions (high/medium priority). High-priority clarifications must be answered (via the clarifications parameter) before the tool will provide a conclusion. Call again with clarifications to get the full analysis.

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Argument	Type	Description
facts*	string	Detailed facts of the hypothetical or real case.
limit	integer	Number of case-law exemplars (default 8, max 20).
question	string	Optional legal question to decide.
fedlex_urls	array	Optional Fedlex URLs used to fetch statute text. Useful when no built-in URL mapping is available.
clarifications	array	Optional answers to prior clarification questions. Each item: {id, answer}. The tool withholds conclusion until high-priority clarifications are answered.
deciding_court	string	Hypothetical deciding court (e.g., bger, bvger).
preferred_language	string

fetch

Minimal fetch tool following the deep-research search/fetch convention. Fetches one Swiss decision's full text by id, returning {id, title, text, url, metadata}. The id comes from a `search` result (a decision_id like bger_6B_1234_2025; a docket number or BGE reference also resolves). General clients should prefer `get_decision`.

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Argument	Type	Description
id*	string	Decision id from a search result (decision_id, docket, or BGE reference).

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Decision id from a search result (decision_id, docket, or BGE reference)."
    }
  }
}

find_appeal_chain

Trace the appeal chain (Instanzenzug) for a decision. Shows prior instances (lower courts) and subsequent instances (appeals to higher courts). Reconstructs the full procedural path, e.g. Bezirksgericht → Obergericht → Bundesgericht. Uses the is_prior_instance flag from decision headers.

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Argument	Type	Description
decision_id*	string	Decision ID (e.g., bger_6B_1_2025)
min_confidence	number	Minimum confidence score (0-1, default 0.3)

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "decision_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "decision_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Decision ID (e.g., bger_6B_1_2025)"
    },
    "min_confidence": {
      "type": "number",
      "default": 0.3,
      "description": "Minimum confidence score (0-1, default 0.3)"
    }
  }
}

find_citations

Given a decision_id, show what it cites and what cites it. Uses the reference graph database with 9.65M citation edges. Returns resolved citations with confidence scores and unresolved references.

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Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer	Max citations per direction per page (default 50, max 200)
offset	integer	Pagination offset per direction (default 0). The response reports _total and _has_more; when has_more is true, re-query with offset=next_offset to retrieve the rest (heavily-cited leading decisions exceed the 200-per-page cap).
direction	string	Citation direction: 'both' (default), 'outgoing', or 'incoming'
decision_id*	string	Decision ID (e.g., bger_6B_1_2025)
min_confidence	number	Minimum confidence score for resolved citations (0-1, default 0.3)

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "decision_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 50,
      "description": "Max citations per direction per page (default 50, max 200)"
    },
    "offset": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 0,
      "description": "Pagination offset per direction (default 0). The response reports *_total and *_has_more; when has_more is true, re-query with offset=next_offset to retrieve the rest (heavily-cited leading decisions exceed the 200-per-page cap)."
    },
    "direction": {
      "enum": [
        "both",
        "outgoing",
        "incoming"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "default": "both",
      "description": "Citation direction: 'both' (default), 'outgoing', or 'incoming'"
    },
    "decision_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Decision ID (e.g., bger_6B_1_2025)"
    },
    "min_confidence": {
      "type": "number",
      "default": 0.3,
      "description": "Minimum confidence score for resolved citations (0-1, default 0.3)"
    }
  }
}

find_leading_cases

Find the most-cited decisions for a topic or statute. Authority ranking based on citation graph; a free-text topic ranks decisions whose regeste carries the query terms first (`regeste_match`: share of terms found, null without a regeste). Filter by statute (law_code + article), topic query, court, and date range. Top-3 results auto-attach a `pinpoint` field {e_number, matched_sentence, confidence, url, score, source} anchoring the most-relevant Erwägung (surface it as 'E. <e_number>' when confidence is high or medium). Each result also carries citation_string_{de,fr,it} + canonical_url + is_leading_case + citation_count for ready-to-quote Swiss-format citations. A statute reference inside `query` ("Art. 29 BV") is used as the statute filter. When the query excludes every candidate, the page is relaxed to ranked OR and flagged `filters_relaxed: true` with a `note` — nearest neighbours, not on-point authority.

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Argument	Type	Description
court	string	Optional court filter (e.g., bger, bge, bvger)
limit	integer	Max results (default 20, max 100)
query	string	Optional text query to filter by topic (FTS search)
article	string	Optional article number (requires law_code)
date_to	string	Optional end date (YYYY-MM-DD)
law_code	string	Optional law code (e.g., BV, OR, ZGB, EMRK, StGB)

find_relevant_erwaegung

Find which Erwägung paragraph(s) match a legal claim. Server-side FTS5+BM25 over per-paragraph text; returns top-k with confidence labels (high/medium/low) and a highlighted_snippet wrapping the matched sentence in <mark>…</mark> (quote it verbatim). When no_match=true or confidence=low, do NOT cite any Erwägung — report no_match. Federal decisions only. Replaces the 'always-E.-3.1' guessing pattern.

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Argument	Type	Description
claim*	string	Free-text legal claim or proposition the user wants to verify against the decision. The more specific, the higher the confidence.
top_k	integer	Number of top matches to return (default 3, max 10).
decision_id*	string	decision_id, BGE reference, or docket number. Must be a federal decision (structured Erwägungen).

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "decision_id",
    "claim"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "claim": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Free-text legal claim or proposition the user wants to verify against the decision. The more specific, the higher the confidence."
    },
    "top_k": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 3,
      "description": "Number of top matches to return (default 3, max 10)."
    },
    "decision_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "decision_id, BGE reference, or docket number. Must be a federal decision (structured Erwägungen)."
    }
  }
}

find_scholarship_citing_decision

Find OA legal scholarship that cites a specific Swiss court decision. Reverse direction of the scholarship↔caselaw bridge: given a decision_id (e.g. 'bge_BGE_140_III_86' or 'bger_4A_571_2008'), return open-access publications that cite it in their full text. Citations are extracted deterministically by regex + lookup against the canonical decision corpus, so resolved citations are always to decisions we hold.

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Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer	Maximum results (1-100, default 20).
decision_id*	string	Canonical decision_id (e.g. 'bge_BGE_140_III_86', 'bger_4A_571_2008').

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "decision_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 20,
      "description": "Maximum results (1-100, default 20)."
    },
    "decision_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Canonical decision_id (e.g. 'bge_BGE_140_III_86', 'bger_4A_571_2008')."
    }
  }
}

find_scholarship_citing_statute

Find OA legal scholarship that cites a given Swiss statute article. Sourced from article-anchored commentaries (OnlineKommentar / OpenLegalCommentary) PLUS full-text citation extraction across the open-access journal corpus (~90k statute references resolved from 9k full-text records).

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Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer	Maximum results (1-100, default 20).
article	string	Article number (e.g. '41'). Omit for all articles of the law.
sr_number*	string	Swiss SR number (e.g. '220' for OR, '210' for ZGB).

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "sr_number"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 20,
      "description": "Maximum results (1-100, default 20)."
    },
    "article": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Article number (e.g. '41'). Omit for all articles of the law."
    },
    "sr_number": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Swiss SR number (e.g. '220' for OR, '210' for ZGB)."
    }
  }
}

generate_exam_question

Generate a Swiss law exam practice question (Fallbearbeitung) based on a real BGE. Returns a fact pattern (Sachverhalt) from a real court decision and a hidden analysis (applicable statutes, leading case, legal test, correct outcome). Workflow: present the fact_pattern and hint to the student, wait for their analysis, then reveal the analysis field and compare. The student can then call get_case_brief(source_decision_id) to study the full case. Pass exclude_ids from previous calls to avoid repeating the same case.

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Argument	Type	Description
topic*	string	Legal area, statute, or concept. Examples: 'Haftpflichtrecht', 'Art. 41 OR', 'Mietrecht', 'Strafrecht', 'Vertragsrecht'.
exclude_ids	array	decision_ids already used in this session — avoids repetition.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "topic"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "topic": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Legal area, statute, or concept. Examples: 'Haftpflichtrecht', 'Art. 41 OR', 'Mietrecht', 'Strafrecht', 'Vertragsrecht'."
    },
    "exclude_ids": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
      "description": "decision_ids already used in this session — avoids repetition."
    }
  }
}

get_article_history

Chronological story of a single statute article: current text + every linked Botschaft (enacted + amendments) + leading court interpretations + doctrinal commentary, all ordered by date. Combines statutes.db, materialien.db, reference_graph.db, and ok_commentaries.db into one timeline. USE THIS when the user asks 'how did Art. X evolve' or 'what's the full picture on Art. X' — a single call returns the legislative + judicial + doctrinal arc.

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Argument	Type	Description
article*	string	Article number, e.g. '41' for Art. 41 OR.
language	string
sr_number*	string	SR number of the federal law, e.g. '220' for OR.
leading_cases_limit	integer	Max leading cases (default 5, max 15).

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "sr_number",
    "article"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "article": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Article number, e.g. '41' for Art. 41 OR."
    },
    "language": {
      "enum": [
        "de",
        "fr",
        "it"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "default": "de"
    },
    "sr_number": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "SR number of the federal law, e.g. '220' for OR."
    },
    "leading_cases_limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 5,
      "description": "Max leading cases (default 5, max 15)."
    }
  }
}

get_article_purpose

Return verbatim text from the Federal Council Botschaft (or Erläuterungsbericht) explaining the legislative purpose of a specific article. Joins the verbatim Botschaft corpus (post-2003 BBl publications, Akoma Ntoso XML where available, PDF fallback otherwise) with the article-Botschaft link table. Returns one entry per source — original Botschaft + any amendment Botschaften. All paragraphs are verbatim text the LLM can quote with `bbl_citation, S. {page}` references. USE THIS when the user asks 'what was the purpose of Art. X' or 'what did Parliament intend' or 'why does Art. X exist'. Coverage is rolling — empty `sources` means the verbatim corpus hasn't ingested that article's Botschaft yet; fall back to get_doctrine for the digest layer.

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Argument	Type	Description
article*	string	Article number, e.g. '41' for Art. 41 OR. Letter-suffixed forms like '41a' supported.
language	string	Botschaft language (defaults to German).
sr_number*	string	SR (Systematische Rechtssammlung) number of the law, e.g. '220' for OR (Obligationenrecht), '101' for BV, '311.0' for StGB.
max_paragraphs	integer	Maximum paragraphs per Botschaft (default 8, max 20).

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "sr_number",
    "article"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "article": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Article number, e.g. '41' for Art. 41 OR. Letter-suffixed forms like '41a' supported."
    },
    "language": {
      "enum": [
        "de",
        "fr",
        "it"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "default": "de",
      "description": "Botschaft language (defaults to German)."
    },
    "sr_number": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "SR (Systematische Rechtssammlung) number of the law, e.g. '220' for OR (Obligationenrecht), '101' for BV, '311.0' for StGB."
    },
    "max_paragraphs": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 8,
      "description": "Maximum paragraphs per Botschaft (default 8, max 20)."
    }
  }
}

get_case_brief

Structured case brief: regeste, Sachverhalt, key Erwägungen (first 12 only — for orientation, NOT a pinpoint ranking), Dispositiv, statutes, citation authority, related cases. Accepts BGE ref, decision_id, or docket. To pinpoint which Erwägung supports a specific claim, use find_relevant_erwaegung — never guess from key_erwaegungen alone.

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Argument	Type	Description
case*	string	Any case reference: BGE ref ('BGE 133 III 121', '133 III 121'), decision_id ('bge_BGE_133_III_121'), or docket number.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "case"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "case": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Any case reference: BGE ref ('BGE 133 III 121', '133 III 121'), decision_id ('bge_BGE_133_III_121'), or docket number."
    }
  }
}

get_commentary

Look up a scholarly legal commentary from OnlineKommentar.ch (CC-BY-4.0) for a Swiss federal law article. Without article: lists available commentaries for that law. With article: returns the full commentary text, authors, and citation. Covers 19 Swiss laws including BV, OR, ZGB, StGB, StPO, ZPO, DSG, SchKG, and more. Cantonal: the Kommentar zur Schaffhauser Verwaltungsrechtspflege (Meyer/Herrmann/Bilger, 2021; CC BY-SA text) for the Schaffhausen VRG (SHR 172.200) and JG (SHR 173.200), article by article with margin numbers — pass canton='SH' and abbreviation 'VRG' or 'JG' (or 'SH/VRG'). Where no commentary exists (most provisions: the corpus holds only the open-access OnlineKommentar.ch / OpenLegalCommentary.ch commentaries) the answer is flagged `found: false` / `no_commentary: true` and lists what the corpus holds on the provision instead — `leading_cases`, a `doctrine` excerpt, `scholarship_citing_statute` — none of which is commentary.

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Argument	Type	Description
canton	string	Two-letter canton code for a cantonal act (e.g. 'SH' with abbreviation 'VRG' or 'JG'). Omit for federal law.
article	string	Article number (e.g., '41', '8'). Omit to list available articles.
language	string	Preferred language (de, en, fr, it). Falls back to de if unavailable.
sr_number	string	SR number of the law (e.g., '220' for OR). Use if abbreviation unknown.
abbreviation	string	Law abbreviation (e.g., 'OR', 'BV', 'ZGB', 'StGB'). Preferred over sr_number.

get_decision

Fetch a single court decision with full text. Look up by decision_id (e.g., bger_6B_1234_2025), docket number (e.g., 6B_1234/2025), or partial match. Full text is truncated at 200,000 characters for very long decisions. Set full_text=false to get only metadata and regeste.

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Argument	Type	Description
full_text	boolean	Include full text in response (default true). Set false to get only metadata and regeste.
decision_id*	string	Decision ID, docket number, or partial docket

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "decision_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "full_text": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "default": true,
      "description": "Include full text in response (default true). Set false to get only metadata and regeste."
    },
    "decision_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Decision ID, docket number, or partial docket"
    }
  }
}

get_decision_structure

Structured decision fields: Sachverhalt (facts), Erwägungen as numbered paragraphs ('1', '1.1', '2.3'), Dispositiv (ruling), Regeste (BGE only). Federal decisions only; for cantonal use get_decision. Returns excerpts; for verbatim full text of one Erwägung, use get_erwaegung. PINPOINT POLICY: never guess. If user gave an e_number → verify with get_erwaegung. If user gave only a claim → use find_relevant_erwaegung (FTS5+BM25 with confidence labels). If neither is confident, report no_match — do NOT default to E. 3.1.

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Argument	Type	Description
decision_id*	string	decision_id ('bger_5A_42_2026', 'bge_140 III 86'), BGE reference, or docket number.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "decision_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "decision_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "decision_id ('bger_5A_42_2026', 'bge_140 III 86'), BGE reference, or docket number."
    }
  }
}

get_decisions

Use this tool to fetch SEVERAL decisions at once (1-10 ids) instead of calling get_decision repeatedly. Same data per decision — canonical citation strings, Markdown link, Regeste, metadata — in ONE call. Prefer this whenever you are about to read more than one decision from a search result: it is the difference between one tool call and ten, which matters because clients cap tool calls per turn. full_text defaults to FALSE here (unlike get_decision) because ten full judgments exceed connector response limits; set it true only for a short id list, and each text is excerpted with the cut disclosed. Ids not found are reported individually — the rest of the batch still returns.

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Argument	Type	Description
full_text	boolean	Include an excerpt of each decision's full text (default false — Regeste + metadata only).
decision_ids*	array	Decision ids, docket numbers or BGE references (e.g. ['bge_BGE_140_III_86', '6B_1234/2025']).
max_chars_per_decision	integer	Per-decision text cap when full_text is true (default 20,000; total response stays under connector limits).

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "decision_ids"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "full_text": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "default": false,
      "description": "Include an excerpt of each decision's full text (default false — Regeste + metadata only)."
    },
    "decision_ids": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
      "maxItems": 10,
      "minItems": 1,
      "description": "Decision ids, docket numbers or BGE references (e.g. ['bge_BGE_140_III_86', '6B_1234/2025'])."
    },
    "max_chars_per_decision": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 20000,
      "description": "Per-decision text cap when full_text is true (default 20,000; total response stays under connector limits)."
    }
  }
}

get_doctrine

Get statute text + leading cases + doctrinal timeline + Federal Council Botschaft (legislative intent) + scholarly commentary for a Swiss law article or legal concept. ALWAYS USE THIS for questions about the purpose, intent, or ratio legis of a provision — it returns the Botschaft (Materialien) alongside the case law. Input: statute reference ('Art. 41 OR', 'Art. 8 BV') or legal concept. Returns: current statute text, top 5-8 BGEs ranked by citation authority with the rule each establishes, doctrine evolution timeline, Botschaft reference (legislative intent from the Federal Council's message), and scholarly commentary excerpt from OnlineKommentar.ch when available.

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Argument	Type	Description
query*	string	Statute article ('Art. 41 OR', 'Art. 8 BV') or legal concept ('Tierhalterhaftung', 'culpa in contrahendo'). German preferred.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "query"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "query": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Statute article ('Art. 41 OR', 'Art. 8 BV') or legal concept ('Tierhalterhaftung', 'culpa in contrahendo'). German preferred."
    }
  }
}

get_erwaegung

Verbatim text of ONE numbered Erwägung — the citable unit in Swiss practice (e.g. 'BGE 136 III 513 E. 2.3'). Use when the user already gave an e_number. If only a claim was given (no e_number): use find_relevant_erwaegung — never guess. Returns text + sibling Erwägung numbers; a parent (E. 2.2) includes its sub-Erwägungen in order, each also under `parts`. e_number: '1', '4.1', '5.2.1', …

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Argument	Type	Description
e_number*	string	Erwägung number to retrieve (e.g. '2', '2.3', '5.2.1'). Leading 'E.' is stripped if present.
decision_id*	string	decision_id, BGE reference, or docket number.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "decision_id",
    "e_number"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "e_number": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Erwägung number to retrieve (e.g. '2', '2.3', '5.2.1'). Leading 'E.' is stripped if present."
    },
    "decision_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "decision_id, BGE reference, or docket number."
    }
  }
}

get_law

AUTHORITATIVE LOOKUP for the text of any Swiss law article — federal OR cantonal — from two local mirrors. Federal (canton='CH', default): Fedlex mirror, all federal acts (OR, ZGB, StGB, ZPO, StPO, BV, SchKG, BGG, DBG, AIG, BVG, KVG …) in DE/FR/IT; names match in any language, case, dots or spaces (Cst, OPP2), treaties by common name (IPBPR, KRK, CISG) and former names (OG → BGG, noted; as_of gives the old edition). Cantonal: LexFind mirror, every act of all 26 cantons in the canton's language; name it 'ZH/StG' or pass canton. Use this BEFORE relying on training-data recall — statute text changes often and LLMs hallucinate article content. With as_of: the dated Fedlex edition in force on that date (snapshot_date, in-force window, link); always tell the user the edition date. PDF-only editions carry `text_status` 'heading_only' / 'empty' = no article text recovered; say so and give the Fedlex link. Examples: get_law(abbreviation='BV', article='8'); get_law(canton='ZH', sr_number='554.5', article='1').

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Argument	Type	Description
as_of	string	Past date, ISO 'YYYY-MM-DD' (or Swiss 'DD.MM.YYYY'), to retrieve the HISTORICAL edition of a federal law in force on that date. The response names the edition (snapshot_date), the act's title and in-force window and links the Fedlex edition; always report the edition date to the user. Federal laws only (rejected for cantons). Fedlex publishes machine-readable text for most acts only for editions of the 2010s and later; an older edition returns an error naming the formats Fedlex has for it.
canton	string	Two-letter canton code (ZH, BE, LU, …) or 'CH' for federal. Default 'CH' preserves backward compat.
article	string	Article number to retrieve (e.g., '8', '41a', '1bis'). For cantonal § laws (ZH, SH, AI, AR, BS, BL, AG), pass the § number without the § sign. If omitted, returns the full article list.

get_legislation

Retrieve the FULL TEXT and article list of a specific Swiss law, federal or cantonal, by LexFind ID or SR/systematic number. For federal laws in the Fedlex mirror this is instant (local SQLite). For cantonal laws, the law is downloaded from LexFind as PDF, parsed with PyMuPDF, and segmented into articles (cached 30 days). Returns: title, entity, articles (article_num, heading, text), full_text, article_count. Use search_legislation first to find the right lexfind_id or systematic_number; then pass it here. For the core federal codes, get_law is still the fastest path.

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Argument	Type	Description
canton	string	Canton for systematic number lookup (default CH). Required for cantonal laws.
language	string	Result language: de, fr, it.
lexfind_id	integer	LexFind ID of the law (from search_legislation results). Positive integer; omit it when unknown rather than passing 0.
include_versions	boolean	Include full version history (default false).
systematic_number	string	SR/systematic number (e.g., '220' for OR, '210' for ZGB). Used when lexfind_id not available. One of lexfind_id or systematic_number is required.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "canton": {
      "type": "string",
      "default": "CH",
      "description": "Canton for systematic number lookup (default CH). Required for cantonal laws."
    },
    "language": {
      "enum": [
        "de",
        "fr",
        "it"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "default": "de",
      "description": "Result language: de, fr, it."
    },
    "lexfind_id": {
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "LexFind ID of the law (from search_legislation results). Positive integer; omit it when unknown rather than passing 0."
    },
    "include_versions": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "default": false,
      "description": "Include full version history (default false)."
    },
    "systematic_number": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "SR/systematic number (e.g., '220' for OR, '210' for ZGB). Used when lexfind_id not available. One of lexfind_id or systematic_number is required."
    }
  }
}

get_materialien

Look up Materialien for a Swiss federal law article. Returns: `sources` = per-article digests of legislative intent (BV and BGFA only); `botschaft_documents` = the Bundesblatt documents that concern the article (Botschaften, Berichte, Stellungnahmen, committee reports, Erlassentwürfe; tagged `doc_type`, with BBl citation, title, publication_date from Fedlex where available — `publication_date_source` 'bbl_year' means only the year — and Fedlex link); `vernehmlassungen` = the consultation procedures Fedlex links to the act, each with its Erläuternder Bericht, Vorlage, Ergebnisbericht and Stellungnahmen (with an article: the Erläuternder-Bericht passages on it); `amendment_refs` = the AS/BBl locators from the statute's footnotes. Empty `sources` means no digest, NOT that the law has no legislative history. Full text: search_botschaft. Nothing keyed to a provision: flagged `found: false` and lists `leading_cases`, a `doctrine` excerpt and `scholarship_citing_statute` instead — none of it legislative history.

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Argument	Type	Description
article	string	Article number (e.g., '1', '8', '10a'). Omit to get all articles.
doc_type	string	OPTIONAL: restrict `botschaft_documents` to one Fedlex document type (botschaft, bericht_bundesrat, stellungnahme_bundesrat, bericht_kommission, erlassentwurf, vorentwurf_erlass, vernehmlassung_eroeffnung). Default: all.
law_code*	string	Law abbreviation (e.g., 'BV', 'BGFA', 'OR', 'StGB').

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "law_code"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "article": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Article number (e.g., '1', '8', '10a'). Omit to get all articles."
    },
    "doc_type": {
      "enum": [
        "botschaft",
        "bericht_bundesrat",
        "stellungnahme_bundesrat",
        "bericht_kommission",
        "erlassentwurf",
        "vorentwurf_erlass",
        "vernehmlassung_eroeffnung"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "OPTIONAL: restrict `botschaft_documents` to one Fedlex document type (botschaft, bericht_bundesrat, stellungnahme_bundesrat, bericht_kommission, erlassentwurf, vorentwurf_erlass, vernehmlassung_eroeffnung). Default: all."
    },
    "law_code": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Law abbreviation (e.g., 'BV', 'BGFA', 'OR', 'StGB')."
    }
  }
}

get_practice

Retrieve a single federal administrative-practice document by its doc_id (e.g. 'estv_ks_ks_nr_28', 'sem_weisungen_weisungen-aug-d', 'bsv_weisungen_6930_v20_de', 'seco_alv_avig_ale_de', 'un_uhri_3f3a9db7-5e9a-416f-ad28-8c8f97a8322c_en'). Returns full body text, title, date, issuing authority, and PDF URL. Use search_practice first to discover the doc_id.

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Argument	Type	Description
doc_id*	string	Document identifier returned by search_practice.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "doc_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "doc_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Document identifier returned by search_practice."
    }
  }
}

get_regeste

Get the official Regeste (head-note) of a Swiss court decision. The Regeste is the court's own formulation of the legal rule established — for BGEs especially, this is the canonical citation target. Often references specific Erwägungen via '(E. 5.2.1)' which can then be retrieved verbatim with get_erwaegung. USE THIS when the user asks 'what does this case stand for' or 'what is the rule from this decision'. Available for ~54% of federal decisions (100% of BGE).

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Argument	Type	Description
decision_id*	string	decision_id, BGE reference, or docket number.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "decision_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "decision_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "decision_id, BGE reference, or docket number."
    }
  }
}

get_scholarship

Fetch a single OA legal publication (article, dissertation, commentary, etc.) by its pub_id. Returns full metadata + abstract + full text if available + cross-citations to statutes and decisions.

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Argument	Type	Description
pub_id*	string	Canonical pub_id, e.g. 'sui_generis:article-1382' or 'onlinekommentar:<uuid>'.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "pub_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "pub_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Canonical pub_id, e.g. 'sui_generis:article-1382' or 'onlinekommentar:<uuid>'."
    }
  }
}

get_scholarship_full_text

Fetch the full text of an OA legal publication by pub_id, on demand. Cached after first fetch so subsequent calls are instant. License-gated: only records under CC-BY-* (except CC-BY-ND), OA-Swiss-federal, or OA-author-permitted-reuse are extracted. ND/all-rights-reserved records return the upstream URL only. Use this when search_scholarship or get_scholarship returns only abstract/title and you need the article body to verify a claim or quote a passage.

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Argument	Type	Description
pub_id*	string	Canonical pub_id (from search_scholarship results).

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "pub_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "pub_id": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Canonical pub_id (from search_scholarship results)."
    }
  }
}

get_statistics

Get aggregate statistics about the dataset. Optionally filter by court, canton, or year.

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Argument	Type	Description
year	integer	Filter by year
court	string	Filter by court code
canton	string	Filter by canton code

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "year": {
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "Filter by year"
    },
    "court": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Filter by court code"
    },
    "canton": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Filter by canton code"
    }
  }
}

list_courts

List all available courts with decision counts, date ranges, and language coverage. Use this to discover what data is available.

read-only

No arguments.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {}
}

list_scholarship_sources

List the open-access legal scholarship sources currently indexed, with publication counts by source, type, and language. Use this to discover what corpora are available before searching.

read-only

No arguments.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {}
}

Minimal search tool following the deep-research search/fetch convention. Returns a ranked list of Swiss court decisions matching a query, each as {id, title, url, snippet}. Pair with `fetch` to retrieve a decision's full text by id. General (non-deep-research) clients should prefer `search_decisions`, which exposes filters (court, canton, date, language) and richer metadata.

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Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer	Max results (default 10, max 50).
query*	string	Natural-language or keyword query.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "query"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 10,
      "description": "Max results (default 10, max 50)."
    },
    "query": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Natural-language or keyword query."
    }
  }
}

search_botschaft

Retrieve and quote the VERBATIM text of federal Materialien: Federal Council Botschaften, Berichte and Stellungnahmen des Bundesrates, parliamentary committee reports, Erlassentwürfe — and the Vernehmlassung documents: Erläuternde Berichte, Vorlagen, Ergebnisberichte, Stellungnahmen (2,500+ procedures from Fedlex). Each hit is tagged `doc_type`; filter with doc_type, default all. Bundesblatt hits come in `results` (bbl_citation, title, publication_date from Fedlex where available — `publication_date_source` says whether it is Fedlex's date or only the BBl year — page, section, article anchor); Vernehmlassung passages come in `vernehmlassung_results` (or in `results` when doc_type is a Vernehmlassung type), with the whole paragraph `text`, PDF page, procedure title, dates, office and Fedlex ELI link. Use it when starting from a concept rather than an SR/article (get_article_purpose answers 'why does Art. X exist?'). Quote verbatim. No paragraph with every term: ranked OR, flagged `filters_relaxed`.

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Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer	Max passages to return (default 20, max 50).
query*	string	Search terms. FTS5 syntax supported — use quoted phrases for exact matches ('"Vaterschaftsurlaub"'), Boolean operators ('Klimaschutz AND Kanton'), and prefix queries ('Versicherungs*'). Stopwords are ignored.
doc_type	string	OPTIONAL Fedlex document type. botschaft = Botschaft des Bundesrates (Message / Messaggio); bericht_bundesrat = Bericht des Bundesrates; stellungnahme_bundesrat = Stellungnahme des Bundesrates (Avis / Parere); bericht_kommission = Bericht parlamentarische Kommission; erlassentwurf = Erlassentwurf (draft act, 2021+); vorentwurf_erlass = Vorentwurf; vernehmlassung_eroeffnung = Eröffnung des Vernehmlassungsverfahrens. Vernehmlassung documents: erlaeuternder_bericht, vernehmlassungsvorlage, ergebnisbericht, stellungnahmen, synoptische_tabelle, vernehmlassung_diverses. Leave unset to search every type; each hit carries doc_type and Fedlex's doc_type_label in its own language.

search_commentaries

Use this tool ONLY for article-anchored commentary — doctrinal discussion tied to a specific statute article: OnlineKommentar.ch / OpenLegalCommentary.ch (federal law) and the Kommentar zur Schaffhauser Verwaltungsrechtspflege (Schaffhausen VRG and JG; abbreviation 'VRG SH' / 'JG SH'). For the full OA scholarship corpus (which includes all of these) use search_scholarship. Searches commentary text, titles, and article numbers. Returns ranked results with snippets, authors, links and each hit's source. Useful for finding doctrinal discussion of a legal concept across multiple laws.

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Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer	Maximum results (1-50, default 10).
query*	string	Search query (supports FTS5 syntax: quotes for phrases, OR for alternatives).
language	string	OPTIONAL filter (de/fr/it/en). Omit (recommended default) to search across all languages. Set ONLY when the user explicitly asks for one-language results; do NOT auto-apply based on conversation language.
abbreviation	string	Filter by law abbreviation (e.g., 'OR', 'StGB'; 'VRG SH' or 'JG SH' for the Schaffhausen commentary).

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "query"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 10,
      "description": "Maximum results (1-50, default 10)."
    },
    "query": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Search query (supports FTS5 syntax: quotes for phrases, OR for alternatives)."
    },
    "language": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "OPTIONAL filter (de/fr/it/en). Omit (recommended default) to search across all languages. Set ONLY when the user explicitly asks for one-language results; do NOT auto-apply based on conversation language."
    },
    "abbreviation": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Filter by law abbreviation (e.g., 'OR', 'StGB'; 'VRG SH' or 'JG SH' for the Schaffhausen commentary)."
    }
  }
}

search_decisions

Use this tool to find COURT DECISIONS (Rechtsprechung): 1,050,000+ Swiss federal and cantonal decisions plus ~2,800 ECtHR decisions concerning Switzerland. Full-text search with keywords, phrases (in quotes), Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT), prefix matching (word*), docket lookup (6B_1234/2025) and column-scoped search (regeste:keyword). Filter by court, canton, language, date range, chamber. Results are relevance-ranked and enriched with citation counts, statute references and is_leading_case. Use offset to page. Most recent decisions: empty query + sort='date_desc' + court filter. Newly PUBLISHED decisions (alerts): published_from + sort='published_desc'. Not for statutes (search_laws), commentary (search_scholarship), or administrative guidance (search_practice).

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Argument	Type	Description
sort	string	Sort order: 'relevance' (default for FTS), 'date_desc' / 'date_asc' (decision_date), 'published_desc' (newest publication_date first; decisions without one last).
court	string	Filter by court code. Federal: bger, bge, bvger, bstger, bpatger, mkg. European Court of Human Rights: bge_egmr (BGE-published DE translations, Swiss cases), hudoc_ch (HUDOC Switzerland-tagged), ecthr_chamber and ecthr_grand_chamber (all respondent states, importance 1-3, FR or EN). ecthr_committee is empty by design — the Committee's docket is entirely importance 4. UN treaty bodies (decisions on individual communications, all States, FR or EN): untb_ccpr, untb_cat, untb_cerd, untb_cedaw, untb_crc, untb_crpd, untb_cescr, untb_ced; unwgad = Working Group on Arbitrary Detention opinions (2010-); canton='CH' for cases against Switzerland. Court of Justice of the EU: cjeu (judgments on the EU acts Swiss courts follow — Brussels/Lugano, Dublin/Schengen, free movement and social security, air passengers, VAT, data protection; German text, FR/IT keywords). International Court of Justice: icj (judgments, advisory opinions, substantive orders; FR, else EN). Cantonal: zh_obergericht, be_verwaltungsgericht, etc.

search_laws

Use this tool to find STATUTE ARTICLES by topic — full-text over every locally indexed article, federal (Fedlex mirror) AND cantonal (LexFind mirror, all 26 cantons), interleaved. Not for whole laws by name (search_legislation) or court decisions (search_decisions). BM25-ranked per corpus, merged by interleaving so each response surfaces both jurisdictions. Returns ranked snippets with article number, heading, law title, canton, and level ('federal' | 'cantonal'). Use this as the DEFAULT entry point when the user asks about any Swiss legal topic and you don't know which law or which jurisdiction applies. Filter with canton='ZH' (etc.) for cantonal-only, or jurisdiction='federal'/'cantonal' for explicit scoping. Examples: search_laws(query='Verjährung') — find statute-of-limitations provisions in federal + cantonal laws; search_laws(query='Hundehaltung', canton='ZH') — ZH dog-keeping rules; search_laws(query='Mietrecht', jurisdiction='federal') — federal-only tenancy law.

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Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer	Maximum merged results (1-50).
query*	string	Search query. Explicit syntax is supported and operators must be UPPERCASE: 'Miete OR Pacht', 'Kündigung AND Frist' (AND with an absent term returns 0), '"exakte Wortfolge"' for phrases, 'Verfahr*' for prefixes. Lowercase or/and are treated as ordinary words.
canton	string	Two-letter canton code (ZH, BE, …) to restrict to one canton's statute corpus. 'CH' → federal only. Omit to search every jurisdiction.
language	string	OPTIONAL filter. Restricts results to ONE language. Omit (recommended default) to search across all three official languages — most laws exist in DE/FR/IT and a filter silently hides valid hits in the others. Set ONLY when the user explicitly asks for one language.

search_legislation

Use this tool to find WHOLE LAWS by name or subject — 33,000+ federal and cantonal enactments from LexFind.ch; the entry point for cantonal questions ('Hundegesetz Bern', 'loi sur l'énergie Vaud'). Not for article-level topic search (search_laws) or the core federal codes (get_law is instant there). All 26 cantons + federal, DE/FR/IT. Also the entry point for municipal regulations and federal ordinances outside the core Fedlex mirror. SINGLE-CALL MODE: set fetch_top_n_texts=1..3 and the top results are returned with the parsed full text + article list of the law itself — no follow-up get_legislation call needed. Ideal for 'what does cantonal law X say about Y' questions. For core federal codes (OR, ZGB, StGB, BV, StPO, ZPO, SchKG, BGG, DBG, IPRG, AIG, BVG, KVG etc.), prefer get_law / search_laws — they are instant and cover all three languages.

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Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer	Max results (1-60, default 20).
query*	string	Search query in natural language or keywords. Examples: 'Hundegesetz', 'loi sur l'énergie', 'Mietrecht Kanton Zürich', 'Baugesetz'.
canton	string	Two-letter canton code (ZH, BE, LU, UR, SZ, OW, NW, GL, ZG, FR, SO, BS, BL, SH, AR, AI, SG, GR, AG, TG, TI, VD, VS, NE, GE, JU) or 'CH' for federal. Omit to search all 26 cantons + federal at once.
language	string	OPTIONAL filter. Restricts results to ONE language version. Omit (recommended default) to fan out across DE/FR/IT and merge results — LexFind's API is single-language per request, so omission triggers a 3-way parallel call with deduplication. Set ONLY when the user explicitly asks for one language. Hint when set: fr for FR/GE/JU/NE/VD, it for TI, de for the rest.

search_materialien

Use this tool for DIGESTED legislative history — per-article intent summaries and key arguments, not verbatim text. COVERAGE IS NARROW: BV and BGFA digests (167 articles) plus BV debate transcripts, and nothing else. For any other law this returns 0 hits, which means 'outside this index', not 'no materials exist'. Each hit names its source message (bbl_ref, title, publication_date from Fedlex where available, with `publication_date_source`). Prefer search_botschaft, which covers all 10,100+ Federal Council messages plus Berichte, Stellungnahmen, committee reports, Erlassentwürfe and the Vernehmlassung documents (Erläuternde Berichte, Ergebnisberichte) verbatim (filter by doc_type), or get_materialien(law_code) for the documents linked to one statute.

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer	Maximum results (1-50, default 10).
query*	string	Search query (natural language or FTS5 syntax).
doc_type	string	Accepted for symmetry with search_botschaft / get_materialien, but a NO-OP here: the curated digest carries no Fedlex document type, so the filter does not narrow results (echoed back as doc_type_filter). To filter by type, call search_botschaft with doc_type.
law_code	string	Filter by law abbreviation (e.g., 'BGFA').

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "query"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 10,
      "description": "Maximum results (1-50, default 10)."
    },
    "query": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Search query (natural language or FTS5 syntax)."
    },
    "doc_type": {
      "enum": [
        "botschaft",
        "bericht_bundesrat",
        "stellungnahme_bundesrat",
        "bericht_kommission",
        "erlassentwurf",
        "vorentwurf_erlass",
        "vernehmlassung_eroeffnung"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Accepted for symmetry with search_botschaft / get_materialien, but a NO-OP here: the curated digest carries no Fedlex document type, so the filter does not narrow results (echoed back as doc_type_filter). To filter by type, call search_botschaft with doc_type."
    },
    "law_code": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Filter by law abbreviation (e.g., 'BGFA')."
    }
  }
}

search_practice

Use this tool for federal ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICE (Verwaltungspraxis): Wegleitungen, Kreisschreiben, Weisungen, Rundschreiben — agency guidance, not court decisions. 9,900+ documents: BSV (AHV/IV/EL/EO/FamZ/BVG Wegleitungen, Kreisschreiben, Mitteilungen, every version), OAK BV (BVG Weisungen, Mitteilungen), WEKO (Bekanntmachungen, Erläuterungen), SECO (ArG commentary, AVIG-Praxis), BAG (KVG), SEM (Weisungen, Handbuch Asyl), BJ (SchKG, Existenzminimum), FINMA, ESTV, BAFU. Also UN texts: recommendations to Switzerland (source='un_uhri': concluding observations, UPR with the Swiss position, SPT, special procedures) and treaty-body General Comments (source='un_gc'). Returns ranked excerpts: authority, number, date, link. Superseded versions collapse to the newest; for past conduct pass include_superseded=true. NOT covered: cantonal administrations (Sozialhilfe/SKOS, Prämienverbilligung) — say so. UN complaint decisions: search_decisions(court='untb_*'). VPB/JAAC (pre-2017): not in the corpus yet; say so.

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer	Maximum results (1-50, default 10).
query*	string	Search query (FTS5 syntax: quotes for phrases, OR for alternatives, NEAR(term1 term2, N) for proximity).
source	string	Filter by source key. finma_rs (1,133), seco_arg (1,102), bafu_vollzug (297), estv_ks (285), estv_mwst (153), sem_weisungen (92), bsv_weisungen (BSV Wegleitungen/Kreisschreiben/Rundschreiben/Mitteilungen, every retained version, 6,083, DE/FR/IT), seco_alv (AVIG-Praxis ALE/KAE/SWE/RVEI/IE/AMM + thematic Weisungen, 54, DE/FR/IT), bag_kvg (KVG Kreisschreiben, 38, DE/FR), sem_handbuch_asyl (Handbuch Asyl und Rückkehr, 92 articles, DE/FR), bj_schkg (SchKG Weisungen + cantonal and historical federal Kreisschreiben incl. Existenzminimum-Richtlinien, 174, DE/FR/IT), weko_bekanntmachungen (WEKO Bekanntmachungen + Erläuterungen, current and superseded versions, DE/FR/IT), oak_bv (OAK BV Weisungen W and Mitteilungen M, every version, Informationsschreiben/FAQ, Anhörungsentwürfe, DE/FR/IT), un_uhri (UN treaty-body, UPR and special-procedure recommendations and concerns addressed to Switzerland, from OHCHR's Universal Human Rights Index: one row per paragraph, ~3,350, EN/FR only — query in English or French; doc_number like 'CAT/C/CHE/CO/8, para. 9'; rows titled '[UHRI summary …]' are UHRI digests of pre-2012 reports, not the UN's words), un_gc (General Comments and General Recommendations of every UN treaty body — CCPR, CESCR, CAT, CERD, CEDAW, CRC, CRPD, CED, CMW, SPT — ~214 documents, FR and EN, doc_number = UN symbol, e.g. 'CAT/C/GC/4'; old ones under OHCHR's INT/ symbols), un_ch_translations (the federal offices' German translations of UN concluding observations on Switzerland — CAT 2010, CCPR 2009/2017, CESCR 2019, CERD 2021, CEDAW 2003/2022, CRC 2015/2021, SPT 2019; CRPD 2022 in Italian — not authoritative, doc_number = the UN symbol as in un_uhri), unhcr_country (UNHCR country guidance — International Protection Considerations, Eligibility Guidelines, Guidance Notes, Positions on Returns — every edition, EN plus UNHCR's DE/FR versions, for Afghanistan, Eritrea, Syria, Iraq, Sudan, Sri Lanka, Venezuela, Libya, Myanmar, Nigeria; one doc_number per country, so include_superseded gives the edition in force at the time).

search_scholarship

Use this tool for open-access SCHOLARSHIP (Lehre): OA journal articles (sui generis et al.), OA legal commentaries (OnlineKommentar, OpenLegalCommentary — this tool SUBSUMES search_commentaries), dissertations and theses from Swiss university repositories, and federal legal-policy reports. Returns ranked results with snippets, authors, DOI, and direct links. Filters by source, publication type, language, and year range. Sort by relevance or year; an author filter may be used on its own (no query) for a bibliographic browse, e.g. all works by a given author, newest first.

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
sort	string	Order: 'relevance' (BM25, default for a topic query), 'year' (newest first), 'year_asc' (oldest first). With no query the default is newest-first.
limit	integer	Maximum results (1-50, default 10).
query	string	Topic query (FTS5 syntax: quotes for phrases, OR for alternatives). Optional — may be omitted when an `author` (or other) filter is given, which returns a bibliographic browse instead of a topical search.
author	string	Filter by author (substring match on the authors field). May be used WITHOUT a query for a pure bibliographic browse (all works by an author).
source	string	Filter by source slug (e.g. 'sui_generis', 'onlinekommentar', 'openlegalcommentary', 'zora_law').
language

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "facts"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "facts": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Detailed facts of the hypothetical or real case."
    },
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 8,
      "description": "Number of case-law exemplars (default 8, max 20)."
    },
    "question": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Optional legal question to decide."
    },
    "fedlex_urls": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
      "description": "Optional Fedlex URLs used to fetch statute text. Useful when no built-in URL mapping is available."
    },
    "clarifications": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "required": [
          "id",
          "answer"
        ],
        "properties": {
          "id": {
            "type": "string"
          },
          "answer": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        }
      },
      "description": "Optional answers to prior clarification questions. Each item: {id, answer}. The tool withholds conclusion until high-priority clarifications are answered."
    },
    "deciding_court": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Hypothetical deciding court (e.g., bger, bvger)."
    },
    "preferred_language": {
      "enum": [
        "de",
        "fr",
        "it",
        "rm",
        "en"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Output/analysis language preference."
    },
    "statute_references": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "required": [
          "law_code",
          "article"
        ],
        "properties": {
          "article": {
            "type": "string"
          },
          "law_code": {
            "type": "string"
          },
          "paragraph": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        }
      },
      "description": "Optional explicit statute list. Each item: {law_code, article, paragraph?}."
    }
  }
}

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "as_of": {
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}|\\d{1,2}\\.\\d{1,2}\\.\\d{4})$",
      "description": "Past date, ISO 'YYYY-MM-DD' (or Swiss 'DD.MM.YYYY'), to retrieve the HISTORICAL edition of a federal law in force on that date. The response names the edition (snapshot_date), the act's title and in-force window and links the Fedlex edition; always report the edition date to the user. Federal laws only (rejected for cantons). Fedlex publishes machine-readable text for most acts only for editions of the 2010s and later; an older edition returns an error naming the formats Fedlex has for it."
    },
    "canton": {
      "type": "string",
      "default": "CH",
      "description": "Two-letter canton code (ZH, BE, LU, …) or 'CH' for federal. Default 'CH' preserves backward compat."
    },
    "article": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Article number to retrieve (e.g., '8', '41a', '1bis'). For cantonal § laws (ZH, SH, AI, AR, BS, BL, AG), pass the § number without the § sign. If omitted, returns the full article list."
    },
    "language": {
      "enum": [
        "de",
        "fr",
        "it"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "default": "de",
      "description": "Language for article text: de, fr, it. For cantonal laws, must match the canton's publication language (fr for FR/GE/JU/NE/VD, it for TI, de otherwise)."
    },
    "sr_number": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Statute number. Federal: SR number ('210'=ZGB, '220'=OR, '101'=BV). Cantonal: the canton's systematic number — e.g. ZH 'LS' number '554.5' (Hundegesetz), '550.1' (Polizeigesetz). The `systematic_number` alias (as used by get_legislation) is also accepted."
    },
    "abbreviation": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Law abbreviation in DE, FR or IT ('BV'/'Cst'/'Cost', 'OR'/'CO', 'ZGB'/'CC', 'StGB'/'CP', 'BGG'/'LTF', 'OPP 2'), a treaty's common name ('EMRK', 'IPBPR', 'KRK', 'LugÜ', 'CISG') or a former name ('OG', 'AuG', 'aStGB' — served as the current act with a note). Case, dots and spaces do not matter. Cantonal: 'ZH/StG' or 'StG/ZH' (the canton is part of the name; many cantonal acts have no abbreviation — use sr_number or search_laws)."
    },
    "systematic_number": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Alias for sr_number — the cantonal-friendly name (LS / systematic number), matching get_legislation. Either field works."
    }
  }
}

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "query"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 20,
      "description": "Max passages to return (default 20, max 50)."
    },
    "query": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Search terms. FTS5 syntax supported — use quoted phrases for exact matches ('\"Vaterschaftsurlaub\"'), Boolean operators ('Klimaschutz AND Kanton'), and prefix queries ('Versicherungs*'). Stopwords are ignored."
    },
    "doc_type": {
      "enum": [
        "botschaft",
        "bericht_bundesrat",
        "stellungnahme_bundesrat",
        "bericht_kommission",
        "erlassentwurf",
        "vorentwurf_erlass",
        "vernehmlassung_eroeffnung",
        "erlaeuternder_bericht",
        "vernehmlassungsvorlage",
        "ergebnisbericht",
        "stellungnahmen",
        "synoptische_tabelle",
        "vernehmlassung_diverses"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "OPTIONAL Fedlex document type. botschaft = Botschaft des Bundesrates (Message / Messaggio); bericht_bundesrat = Bericht des Bundesrates; stellungnahme_bundesrat = Stellungnahme des Bundesrates (Avis / Parere); bericht_kommission = Bericht parlamentarische Kommission; erlassentwurf = Erlassentwurf (draft act, 2021+); vorentwurf_erlass = Vorentwurf; vernehmlassung_eroeffnung = Eröffnung des Vernehmlassungsverfahrens. Vernehmlassung documents: erlaeuternder_bericht, vernehmlassungsvorlage, ergebnisbericht, stellungnahmen, synoptische_tabelle, vernehmlassung_diverses. Leave unset to search every type; each hit carries doc_type and Fedlex's doc_type_label in its own language."
    },
    "language": {
      "enum": [
        "de",
        "fr",
        "it"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "OPTIONAL — only set when the user explicitly limits the search to one language. Leave unset to search the corpus the caller has (currently de only). Setting this without the user asking will hide all non-matching Botschaft passages."
    },
    "year_max": {
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "Latest publication year of the source Botschaft (inclusive)."
    },
    "year_min": {
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "Earliest publication year of the source Botschaft (inclusive) — scope legislative history to an era."
    }
  }
}

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [],
  "properties": {
    "sort": {
      "enum": [
        "relevance",
        "date_desc",
        "date_asc",
        "published_desc"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Sort order: 'relevance' (default for FTS), 'date_desc' / 'date_asc' (decision_date), 'published_desc' (newest publication_date first; decisions without one last)."
    },
    "court": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Filter by court code. Federal: bger, bge, bvger, bstger, bpatger, mkg. European Court of Human Rights: bge_egmr (BGE-published DE translations, Swiss cases), hudoc_ch (HUDOC Switzerland-tagged), ecthr_chamber and ecthr_grand_chamber (all respondent states, importance 1-3, FR or EN). ecthr_committee is empty by design — the Committee's docket is entirely importance 4. UN treaty bodies (decisions on individual communications, all States, FR or EN): untb_ccpr, untb_cat, untb_cerd, untb_cedaw, untb_crc, untb_crpd, untb_cescr, untb_ced; unwgad = Working Group on Arbitrary Detention opinions (2010-); canton='CH' for cases against Switzerland. Court of Justice of the EU: cjeu (judgments on the EU acts Swiss courts follow — Brussels/Lugano, Dublin/Schengen, free movement and social security, air passengers, VAT, data protection; German text, FR/IT keywords). International Court of Justice: icj (judgments, advisory opinions, substantive orders; FR, else EN). Cantonal: zh_obergericht, be_verwaltungsgericht, etc."
    },
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 50,
      "description": "Max results to return (max 2000). Omit to use default of 50. Do not set low values like 5 or 10 unless the user explicitly asked for fewer results."
    },
    "query": {
      "type": "string",
      "maxLength": 4000,
      "description": "Search query. Best results: 3-8 precise terms, one search per legal issue — never paste document text. Max 4,000 chars; input over 500 chars is auto-condensed to its citations + key terms. Examples:\n- Simple: Mietrecht Kündigung\n- Phrase: \"Treu und Glauben\"\n- Boolean: Arbeitsrecht AND Kündigung NOT Probezeit\n- Prefix: Verfassung*\n- By docket: 6B_1234/2025\n- By article: \"Art. 8 BV\"\n- Column: regeste:Mietrecht AND full_text:Kündigung"
    },
    "canton": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Filter by canton (CH for federal, ZH, BE, GE, etc.)"
    },
    "fields": {
      "enum": [
        "full",
        "compact"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Response detail level: 'full' (default) includes snippet/regeste/URL, 'compact' returns only docket, date, court, language, decision_id."
    },
    "offset": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 0,
      "description": "Skip this many results (for pagination). Default 0."
    },
    "chamber": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Filter by chamber/division (substring match). Examples: 'Abteilung V' (BVGer asylum), 'Zivilrechtliche', 'CASSO', 'Strafrechtliche'"
    },
    "date_to": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "End date (YYYY-MM-DD)"
    },
    "language": {
      "enum": [
        "de",
        "fr",
        "it",
        "rm",
        "en"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "OPTIONAL filter. Restricts results to ONE language. Omit (recommended default) to search across all languages — Swiss federal decisions are issued in DE, FR, or IT depending on the case, so a language filter silently excludes valid hits in the other two. Set ONLY when the user explicitly asks for a single-language result; do NOT auto-apply based on the conversation's language. 'en' reaches only ECtHR judgments whose sole authoritative text is English — there is no English Swiss case law."
    },
    "date_from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Start date (YYYY-MM-DD)"
    },
    "published_to": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Only decisions published on or before this date (YYYY-MM-DD, inclusive). Requires published_from."
    },
    "published_from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Only decisions the court PUBLISHED on or after this date (YYYY-MM-DD) — publication_date, not decision_date. Use this, not date_from, for a 'what is newly published' alert: the Federal Supreme Court often publishes weeks or months after it rules. May be limited to decisions decided up to 18 months before published_from (always without a court filter); the response then names the limit in publication_window_decided_from, and an earlier date_from widens it. publication_date exists for BGer rulings published since May 2026, BVGer, BStGer and several cantonal courts (VD, VS, BS, SG and others); decisions without one never match. BGer rulings are indexed the day they are published, other courts with the nightly rebuild, up to two days later: for a recurring alert, start each run's window 3 days back and skip decision_ids already reported."
    },
    "include_pinpoint": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "default": true,
      "description": "Attach a pinpoint Erwägung citation to the top results when a confident match exists (BM25 over the per-decision Erwägungen FTS5 index, gap-confidence ≥ medium). Defaults true; set false to skip the per-result lookup (typically saves 0.2-2 s on the top 5 results; more for long or statute-heavy queries)."
    },
    "marked_for_publication": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "description": "If true, return only Federal Supreme Court rulings flagged for the official BGE collection (the Neuheiten '*' marker, 'für die Publikation vorgesehen') — future leading cases, flagged before the BGE number is assigned. Populated for BGer decisions published from mid-2026 onward; older rows are unflagged."
    }
  }
}

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "query"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 10,
      "description": "Maximum results (1-50, default 10)."
    },
    "query": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Search query (FTS5 syntax: quotes for phrases, OR for alternatives, NEAR(term1 term2, N) for proximity)."
    },
    "source": {
      "enum": [
        "finma_rs",
        "seco_arg",
        "bafu_vollzug",
        "estv_ks",
        "estv_mwst",
        "sem_weisungen",
        "bsv_weisungen",
        "seco_alv",
        "bag_kvg",
        "sem_handbuch_asyl",
        "bj_schkg",
        "weko_bekanntmachungen",
        "oak_bv",
        "un_uhri",
        "un_gc",
        "un_ch_translations",
        "unhcr_country"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Filter by source key. finma_rs (1,133), seco_arg (1,102), bafu_vollzug (297), estv_ks (285), estv_mwst (153), sem_weisungen (92), bsv_weisungen (BSV Wegleitungen/Kreisschreiben/Rundschreiben/Mitteilungen, every retained version, 6,083, DE/FR/IT), seco_alv (AVIG-Praxis ALE/KAE/SWE/RVEI/IE/AMM + thematic Weisungen, 54, DE/FR/IT), bag_kvg (KVG Kreisschreiben, 38, DE/FR), sem_handbuch_asyl (Handbuch Asyl und Rückkehr, 92 articles, DE/FR), bj_schkg (SchKG Weisungen + cantonal and historical federal Kreisschreiben incl. Existenzminimum-Richtlinien, 174, DE/FR/IT), weko_bekanntmachungen (WEKO Bekanntmachungen + Erläuterungen, current and superseded versions, DE/FR/IT), oak_bv (OAK BV Weisungen W and Mitteilungen M, every version, Informationsschreiben/FAQ, Anhörungsentwürfe, DE/FR/IT), un_uhri (UN treaty-body, UPR and special-procedure recommendations and concerns addressed to Switzerland, from OHCHR's Universal Human Rights Index: one row per paragraph, ~3,350, EN/FR only — query in English or French; doc_number like 'CAT/C/CHE/CO/8, para. 9'; rows titled '[UHRI summary …]' are UHRI digests of pre-2012 reports, not the UN's words), un_gc (General Comments and General Recommendations of every UN treaty body — CCPR, CESCR, CAT, CERD, CEDAW, CRC, CRPD, CED, CMW, SPT — ~214 documents, FR and EN, doc_number = UN symbol, e.g. 'CAT/C/GC/4'; old ones under OHCHR's INT/ symbols), un_ch_translations (the federal offices' German translations of UN concluding observations on Switzerland — CAT 2010, CCPR 2009/2017, CESCR 2019, CERD 2021, CEDAW 2003/2022, CRC 2015/2021, SPT 2019; CRPD 2022 in Italian — not authoritative, doc_number = the UN symbol as in un_uhri), unhcr_country (UNHCR country guidance — International Protection Considerations, Eligibility Guidelines, Guidance Notes, Positions on Returns — every edition, EN plus UNHCR's DE/FR versions, for Afghanistan, Eritrea, Syria, Iraq, Sudan, Sri Lanka, Venezuela, Libya, Myanmar, Nigeria; one doc_number per country, so include_superseded gives the edition in force at the time)."
    },
    "doc_type": {
      "enum": [
        "wegleitung",
        "rundschreiben",
        "vollzugshilfe",
        "kreisschreiben",
        "rundschreiben_anhang",
        "mwst_branchen_info",
        "mwst_info",
        "weisung",
        "handbuch",
        "mitteilung",
        "nachtrag",
        "rechtsprechung",
        "richtlinie",
        "weisung_anhang",
        "konkordat",
        "erlass",
        "bekanntmachung",
        "erlaeuterung",
        "entwurf",
        "concluding_observations",
        "upr_recommendation",
        "visit_report",
        "general_comment",
        "general_recommendation",
        "country_guidance"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Filter by document type. wegleitung (SECO ArG 1,102 + BSV WEL/RWL…), rundschreiben (FINMA 1,017 + BSV/SEM), vollzugshilfe (297), kreisschreiben (ESTV 285 + BSV/BAG/BJ), rundschreiben_anhang (132 — FINMA circular annexes), mwst_branchen_info (84), weisung (SEM/SECO-ALV/BJ/BSV), mwst_info (69), handbuch (SEM Handbuch Asyl), mitteilung (BSV Mitteilungen an die Ausgleichskassen), nachtrag (BSV Nachträge), rechtsprechung (BSV AHI-Praxis digests), richtlinie (BJ, WEKO Richtlinien), weisung_anhang (BJ; OAK BV Informationsschreiben/FAQ), konkordat / erlass (BJ SchKG page), bekanntmachung / erlaeuterung (WEKO), entwurf (OAK BV Anhörungen: drafts, not in force), concluding_observations (UN treaty bodies), upr_recommendation (UN UPR), visit_report (UN SPT + special procedures), general_comment / general_recommendation (UN treaty bodies, un_gc), country_guidance (UNHCR)."
    },
    "language": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "OPTIONAL filter (de/fr/it; en for UN and some FINMA documents). Omit (recommended default) to search across all languages. Set ONLY when the user explicitly asks for one-language results."
    },
    "issuing_authority": {
      "enum": [
        "FINMA",
        "SECO",
        "ESTV",
        "BAFU",
        "SEM",
        "BSV",
        "BAG",
        "BJ",
        "WEKO",
        "OAK BV",
        "UN-UPR",
        "UN-CRC",
        "UN-CEDAW",
        "UN-SPT",
        "UN-CAT",
        "UN-CESCR",
        "UN-CERD",
        "UN-CCPR",
        "UN-CRPD",
        "UN-CED",
        "UN-CMW",
        "UN-SPECIAL PROCEDURES",
        "UNHCR"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Filter by authority. FINMA (1,133), SECO (Arbeitsgesetz 1,102 + AVIG-Praxis), ESTV (438), BAFU (297), SEM (Weisungen 92 + Handbuch), BSV (6,083, social insurance practice), BAG (38), BJ (debt enforcement), WEKO (Bekanntmachungen/Erläuterungen under the KG), OAK BV (BVG supervision: Weisungen, Mitteilungen). UN-* = the UN body that addressed the recommendation to Switzerland: UN-UPR (~1,450, Universal Periodic Review), UN-CAT (Committee against Torture), UN-CCPR (Human Rights Committee), UN-CESCR, UN-CERD, UN-CEDAW, UN-CRC, UN-CRPD, UN-CED, UN-SPT (Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture), UN-SPECIAL PROCEDURES (special rapporteurs, working groups)."
    },
    "include_superseded": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "default": false,
      "description": "Return every retained version of a document (FINMA, BSV) instead of collapsing to the newest. Set for point-in-time questions."
    }
  }
}