caselaw_get_case

Fetch one judgment by id. section='summary' (default) returns metadata + the headnote (plain-language summary, the laws/provisions referred, and keyword tags) — read this first to judge relevance cheaply. section='full' additionally returns the judgment text; a long judgment arrives in its first part and says so. Long judgment: section='outline' gives a map (the judge's paragraph numbers, each separate opinion, the order), then paras='41-55' reads exactly those paragraphs (paras='2:3-5' = opinion 2, paragraphs 3-5, where separate opinions each restart their numbers), find='words' returns the paragraphs of this judgment that match, and start=N continues from a character position. These return the court's own words, never a summary.

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Argument	Type	Description
find	any	Words to look for inside this one judgment: returns the matching paragraphs, with their numbers
paras	any	The judge's own paragraph numbers to read, e.g. '41-55' or '7'; '2:3-5' = opinion 2, paragraphs 3-5 ('notes' = the footnotes)
start	any	Read on from this character position (when a reply says More follows)
case_id*	integer	Numeric judgment id (from a search/lookup/graph result)
section	string	'summary' = metadata + headnote (cheap); 'outline' = a map of a long judgment; 'full' = + judgment text
response_format	string

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "title": "caselaw_get_caseArguments",
  "required": [
    "case_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "find": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "type": "string",
          "maxLength": 300
        },
        {
          "type": "null"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Find",
      "default": null,
      "description": "Words to look for inside this one judgment: returns the matching paragraphs, with their numbers"
    },
    "paras": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        {
          "type": "string"
        },
        {
          "type": "null"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Paras",
      "default": null,
      "description": "The judge's own paragraph numbers to read, e.g. '41-55' or '7'; '2:3-5' = opinion 2, paragraphs 3-5 ('notes' = the footnotes)"
    },
    "start": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        {
          "type": "string"
        },
        {
          "type": "null"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Start",
      "default": null,
      "description": "Read on from this character position (when a reply says More follows)"
    },
    "case_id": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Case Id",
      "minimum": 1,
      "description": "Numeric judgment id (from a search/lookup/graph result)"
    },
    "section": {
      "enum": [
        "summary",
        "full",
        "outline"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "title": "Section",
      "default": "summary",
      "description": "'summary' = metadata + headnote (cheap); 'outline' = a map of a long judgment; 'full' = + judgment text"
    },
    "response_format": {
      "enum": [
        "markdown",
        "json"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "title": "Response Format",
      "default": "markdown"
    }
  }
}

caselaw_get_citations

Walk the citation graph FORWARD: list the in-corpus cases that THIS judgment cites (the precedents it relied on). Combine with caselaw_get_cited_by to traverse precedent backward and forward until a research question is resolved. Most useful on RECENT judgments: a 2024-25 case usually has nobody citing it yet, but its own citation list is a curated map of the established authority on the point.

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer
offset	integer
case_id*	integer	Numeric judgment id
response_format	string

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "title": "caselaw_get_citationsArguments",
  "required": [
    "case_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Limit",
      "default": 20,
      "maximum": 50,
      "minimum": 1
    },
    "offset": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Offset",
      "default": 0,
      "minimum": 0
    },
    "case_id": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Case Id",
      "minimum": 1,
      "description": "Numeric judgment id"
    },
    "response_format": {
      "enum": [
        "markdown",
        "json"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "title": "Response Format",
      "default": "markdown"
    }
  }
}

caselaw_get_cited_by

Walk the citation graph BACKWARD: list later cases that cite THIS judgment (how it was subsequently treated — followed, distinguished, relied upon). Returns newest first. Most useful on OLDER or landmark judgments: it shows whether the case is still followed and where the principle has been applied since. A leading case can have hundreds of citing cases.

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer
offset	integer
case_id*	integer	Numeric judgment id
response_format	string

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "title": "caselaw_get_cited_byArguments",
  "required": [
    "case_id"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Limit",
      "default": 20,
      "maximum": 50,
      "minimum": 1
    },
    "offset": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Offset",
      "default": 0,
      "minimum": 0
    },
    "case_id": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Case Id",
      "minimum": 1,
      "description": "Numeric judgment id"
    },
    "response_format": {
      "enum": [
        "markdown",
        "json"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "title": "Response Format",
      "default": "markdown"
    }
  }
}

caselaw_lookup_citation

Find the judgment(s) at an exact law-report citation. Example: journal='PLD', year=1995, page=34 → PLD 1995 Supreme Court 34. Omit page to list everything reported in that journal+year. Returns the same case shape as caselaw_search.

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
page	any	Page/serial number in the report (optional)
year	any	Year of the report, e.g. 1995
limit	integer
offset	integer
journal*	string	Law-report code, e.g. 'PLD', 'SCMR', 'CLC' (a whole citation such as 'PLD 1995 SC 34' is also understood)
response_format	string

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "title": "caselaw_lookup_citationArguments",
  "required": [
    "journal"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "page": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        {
          "type": "string"
        },
        {
          "type": "null"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Page",
      "default": null,
      "description": "Page/serial number in the report (optional)"
    },
    "year": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        {
          "type": "string"
        },
        {
          "type": "null"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Year",
      "default": null,
      "description": "Year of the report, e.g. 1995"
    },
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Limit",
      "default": 20,
      "maximum": 50,
      "minimum": 1
    },
    "offset": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Offset",
      "default": 0,
      "minimum": 0
    },
    "journal": {
      "type": "string",
      "title": "Journal",
      "maxLength": 120,
      "minLength": 1,
      "description": "Law-report code, e.g. 'PLD', 'SCMR', 'CLC' (a whole citation such as 'PLD 1995 SC 34' is also understood)"
    },
    "response_format": {
      "enum": [
        "markdown",
        "json"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "title": "Response Format",
      "default": "markdown"
    }
  }
}

caselaw_most_cited

List the most-cited (landmark) judgments in the corpus, ranked by how many other cases cite them. A good entry point for the leading authorities on Pakistani law.

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
limit	integer
offset	integer
response_format	string

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "title": "caselaw_most_citedArguments",
  "properties": {
    "limit": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Limit",
      "default": 20,
      "maximum": 50,
      "minimum": 1
    },
    "offset": {
      "type": "integer",
      "title": "Offset",
      "default": 0,
      "minimum": 0
    },
    "response_format": {
      "enum": [
        "markdown",
        "json"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "title": "Response Format",
      "default": "markdown"
    }
  }
}

caselaw_search

Full-text search of Pakistani judgments (Supreme Court, High Courts, Federal Shariat Court and tribunals, 1970 onward), with optional filters by court, judge, author, law report and year. Ranking follows how lawyers research: nearness to the legal point decides which cases are returned; among comparably-near cases, more senior court > larger bench > more recent > more cited. For the current state of the law, add year_from (e.g. 2025); use sort='court' for the most authoritative first. With no query, the filters list judgments newest first - e.g. court='Supreme Court' gives the latest Supreme Court judgments, journal='PLD' with year_from=year_to=2024 gives that volume, and sort='recently_added' alone shows what was added to the site most recently. Returns cases with id, title, citation, court, year, outcome, author (the judge who wrote it, when known) and the public URL; a keyword search also gives the number of judges on the bench and the words of the judgment that matched. For an exact report citation use caselaw_lookup_citation. To read a case, pass its id to caselaw_get_case.

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Argument	Type	Description
sort	string	relevance (default: nearest on the point, then court/bench/recency/citations) \| newest (the ~200 closest matches in strict date order) \| court (most senior court first) \| recently_added (newest additions to the site). For the CURRENT law on a point, keep relevance and set year_from (e.g. 2025): strict date order can surface judgments that only mention the point in passing.
court	any	Only this court: 'Supreme Court', 'Federal Constitutional Court' (or 'FCC'), 'Lahore High Court' (or 'LHC'), 'Sindh High Court', 'Peshawar High Court', 'Islamabad High Court', 'Balochistan High Court', 'Federal Shariat Court', or a tribunal's name
judge

caselaw_search_questions

Find judgments by the QUESTION they settle, rather than by words they contain. Every judgment summary on this corpus records the questions that judgment actually decides — e.g. "Does delay in lodging the FIR by itself entitle the accused to bail?" This searches those questions, so it matches the shape a legal problem arrives in rather than the vocabulary a 1987 bench happened to use. COVERAGE IS PARTIAL: only some judgments have a summary with questions yet (the response's `coverage_note` gives the current live ratio, which keeps growing). An empty result means no *summarised* judgment matched — it does NOT mean no such judgment exists. Fall back to caselaw_search, which covers the whole corpus. The questions are prepared from the judgment text. They are a finding aid, not a holding: cite the judgment, never the question. Pass an id to caselaw_get_case to read it.

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Argument	Type	Description
court	any	Only this court, e.g. 'Supreme Court' or 'Lahore High Court'
judge	any	Only judgments where this judge sat on the bench (spelling-tolerant, e.g. 'Mansoor Ali Shah')
limit	integer
query*	string	The legal question or its subject, in the words a judgment would use — 'delay in lodging FIR', 'concurrent findings of fact', 'pre-arrest bail murder'
offset	integer

Pakistan Case Law

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caselaw_get_case Read-only

Pakistan Case Law

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caselaw_get_case Read-only

Tools (7)