88 free engineering calculators: RF link budgets, LoRa/Meshtastic, PCB, solar, homelab. Keyless.
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Design a Pi-topology resistive attenuator pad. Given a desired attenuation in dB and characteristic impedance (default 50 ohm), computes the three resistor values for a symmetrical Pi-pad network. The Pi attenuator uses two shunt resistors (R1, R3) and one series resistor (R2). Commonly used in RF signal chains to reduce signal level while maintaining impedance match. Compare with attenuator_tee for T-pad topology.
Desired attenuation in decibels (positive value)
Characteristic impedance in ohms (default 50)
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Design a Pi-topology resistive attenuator pad. Given a desired attenuation in dB and characteristic impedance (default 50 ohm), computes the three resistor values for a symmetrical Pi-pad network. The Pi attenuator uses two shunt resistors (R1, R3) and one series resistor (R2). Commonly used in RF signal chains to reduce signal level while maintaining impedance match. Compare with attenuator_tee for T-pad topology.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| z0_ohm | number | Characteristic impedance in ohms (default 50) |
| attenuation_db* | number | Desired attenuation in decibels (positive value) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"attenuation_db"
],
"properties": {
"z0_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"default": 50,
"description": "Characteristic impedance in ohms (default 50)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"attenuation_db": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Desired attenuation in decibels (positive value)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Design a Tee-topology resistive attenuator pad. Given a desired attenuation in dB and characteristic impedance (default 50 ohm), computes the three resistor values for a symmetrical T-pad network. The Tee attenuator uses two series resistors (R1, R3) and one shunt resistor (R2). Commonly used in RF signal chains to reduce signal level while maintaining impedance match. Compare with attenuator_pi for Pi-pad topology.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| z0_ohm | number | Characteristic impedance in ohms (default 50) |
| attenuation_db* | number | Desired attenuation in decibels (positive value) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"attenuation_db"
],
"properties": {
"z0_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"default": 50,
"description": "Characteristic impedance in ohms (default 50)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"attenuation_db": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Desired attenuation in decibels (positive value)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates how many days a battery bank can sustain loads without solar input — critical for off-grid and backup power sizing. Accounts for depth of discharge, round-trip efficiency (lithium vs lead-acid), minimum state of charge, and optional partial solar contribution during cloudy weather. Outputs autonomy in days and hours, usable capacity, and daily deficit. Use with avg_solar_contribution_pct = 0 for worst-case (no sun) scenarios, or 20-30% for realistic cloudy-day modeling. Chains from solar_sizing (battery_kwh) and solar_load_audit (daily_kwh).
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| dod | number | Depth of discharge (0-1), default 0.8 for lithium |
| daily_kwh* | number | Daily energy consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh) |
| battery_kwh* | number | Total installed battery capacity in kWh |
| min_soc_pct | number | Minimum state of charge percentage, default 20% |
| round_trip_efficiency | number | Battery round-trip efficiency (0-1), default 0.90 for lithium, use 0.80 for lead-acid |
| avg_solar_contribution_pct | number | Average solar contribution during autonomy period (0-100%), default 0 for worst-case |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"daily_kwh",
"battery_kwh"
],
"properties": {
"dod": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.8,
"maximum": 1,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Depth of discharge (0-1), default 0.8 for lithium"
},
"daily_kwh": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Daily energy consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"battery_kwh": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total installed battery capacity in kWh",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"min_soc_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 20,
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Minimum state of charge percentage, default 20%"
},
"round_trip_efficiency": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.9,
"maximum": 1,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Battery round-trip efficiency (0-1), default 0.90 for lithium, use 0.80 for lead-acid"
},
"avg_solar_contribution_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Average solar contribution during autonomy period (0-100%), default 0 for worst-case"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Estimates battery charge time given capacity in mAh, charge current in mA, charger efficiency, and initial state of charge. Accounts for real-world charging losses (typically 80-90% efficient) to produce time in hours and minutes, energy required in Wh (at an optional voltage, default 3.7V for Li-ion), and the C-rate of the charge. Useful for solar charge controller sizing, USB charging time estimation, lead-acid float charging, and EV battery planning. The C-rate output helps verify the charge current is within safe limits (typically 0.5C-1C for Li-ion). Chain from solar_sizing charge_controller_amps to size a solar charging system end-to-end.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| voltage_v | number | Nominal battery voltage for energy calculation (V), default 3.7 for Li-ion |
| efficiency | number | Charger efficiency factor (0-1), default 0.85 |
| capacity_mah* | number | Total battery capacity in milliamp-hours (mAh) |
| initial_soc_pct | number | Initial state of charge as percentage (0-100), default 0 (empty) |
| charge_current_ma* | number | Charge current in milliamps (mA) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"capacity_mah",
"charge_current_ma"
],
"properties": {
"voltage_v": {
"type": "number",
"default": 3.7,
"description": "Nominal battery voltage for energy calculation (V), default 3.7 for Li-ion",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"efficiency": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.85,
"maximum": 1,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Charger efficiency factor (0-1), default 0.85"
},
"capacity_mah": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total battery capacity in milliamp-hours (mAh)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"initial_soc_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Initial state of charge as percentage (0-100), default 0 (empty)"
},
"charge_current_ma": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Charge current in milliamps (mA)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates battery runtime and energy capacity given cell capacity in mAh, nominal voltage, and average current draw. Accounts for real-world discharge efficiency (Peukert-adjacent derating) to produce effective capacity, total energy in Wh, and runtime in hours and days. Useful for IoT sensor node planning, portable device design, UPS hold-up estimation, and solar battery bank cycling analysis. Outputs feed into solar_sizing (battery_kwh) and ups_runtime (battery_wh) for system-level calculations.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| voltage | number | Nominal battery voltage (V), default 3.7 for Li-ion |
| efficiency | number | Discharge efficiency factor (0-1), accounts for conversion losses and derating, default 0.85 |
| capacity_mah* | number | Battery capacity in milliamp-hours (mAh) |
| current_draw_ma* | number | Average current draw in milliamps (mA) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"capacity_mah",
"current_draw_ma"
],
"properties": {
"voltage": {
"type": "number",
"default": 3.7,
"description": "Nominal battery voltage (V), default 3.7 for Li-ion",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"efficiency": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.85,
"maximum": 1,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Discharge efficiency factor (0-1), accounts for conversion losses and derating, default 0.85"
},
"capacity_mah": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Battery capacity in milliamp-hours (mAh)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"current_draw_ma": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Average current draw in milliamps (mA)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) from weight and height using the WHO standard formula. Supports metric (kg/cm) and imperial (lbs/inches) units. Returns the BMI value, WHO classification (Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obese Class I-III), and the healthy weight range for the given height. Formula: BMI = weight_kg / (height_m)^2. Useful for health screening, fitness planning, and clinical intake forms.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| unit | string | Unit system. 'metric' = kg and cm. 'imperial' = lbs and inches. Defaults to 'metric'. |
| height* | number | Height. Units determined by the 'unit' parameter. |
| weight* | number | Body weight. Units determined by the 'unit' parameter. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"weight",
"height"
],
"properties": {
"unit": {
"enum": [
"metric",
"imperial"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "metric",
"description": "Unit system. 'metric' = kg and cm. 'imperial' = lbs and inches. Defaults to 'metric'."
},
"height": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Height. Units determined by the 'unit' parameter.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"weight": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Body weight. Units determined by the 'unit' parameter.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates RC capacitor charge timing, energy storage, and transient voltages. Given resistance, capacitance, supply voltage, and optional initial voltage, computes the RC time constant (τ = R×C), time to reach standard charge thresholds (63%, 86%, 95%, 99%), voltage at key time points, energy stored (E = ½CV²), and peak charging current. Optionally calculates time to reach a specific target voltage using t = -τ × ln((Vsupply - Vtarget) / (Vsupply - Vinitial)). Essential for timing circuits, power-on reset delays, debounce networks, and soft-start designs. Chain from rc_filter for frequency-domain analysis or timer_555 for oscillator timing.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| v_supply* | number | Supply voltage in volts. The voltage the capacitor charges toward. |
| v_target | number | Target voltage to reach in volts (optional). When provided, calculates time to reach this voltage. Must be between v_initial and v_supply. |
| v_initial | number | Initial capacitor voltage in volts (default 0 for fully discharged). |
| capacitance_f* | number | Capacitance in farads (C). Use scientific notation, e.g. 1e-6 for 1 µF. |
| resistance_ohm* | number | Series resistance in ohms (R). Controls charge/discharge rate. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"resistance_ohm",
"capacitance_f",
"v_supply"
],
"properties": {
"v_supply": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Supply voltage in volts. The voltage the capacitor charges toward.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"v_target": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Target voltage to reach in volts (optional). When provided, calculates time to reach this voltage. Must be between v_initial and v_supply."
},
"v_initial": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"description": "Initial capacitor voltage in volts (default 0 for fully discharged)."
},
"capacitance_f": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Capacitance in farads (C). Use scientific notation, e.g. 1e-6 for 1 µF.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"resistance_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Series resistance in ohms (R). Controls charge/discharge rate.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Estimates Meshtastic or LoRa mesh channel utilization percentage based on node count, message rate, and per-packet airtime. Determines how much of the shared radio channel is occupied and computes the maximum number of nodes before exceeding a configurable duty cycle limit (default 10%). Returns utilization percentage, headroom, and total packet count. Chain from lora_airtime to get airtime_ms input. Essential for Meshtastic mesh deployment planning to avoid channel congestion and packet collisions.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| nodes* | integer | Number of active nodes in the mesh network. |
| airtime_ms* | number | Time-on-air per packet in milliseconds. Obtain from lora_airtime tool. |
| max_duty_cycle_pct | number | Maximum acceptable channel utilization percentage. Default 10% is a common Meshtastic guideline. |
| messages_per_hour_per_node | number | Average messages transmitted per hour per node. Includes position beacons and user messages. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"nodes",
"airtime_ms"
],
"properties": {
"nodes": {
"type": "integer",
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Number of active nodes in the mesh network."
},
"airtime_ms": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Time-on-air per packet in milliseconds. Obtain from lora_airtime tool."
},
"max_duty_cycle_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 10,
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Maximum acceptable channel utilization percentage. Default 10% is a common Meshtastic guideline."
},
"messages_per_hour_per_node": {
"type": "number",
"default": 2,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Average messages transmitted per hour per node. Includes position beacons and user messages."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate the circumference and area of a circle given either a radius or diameter. Provide one or both; if both are given, radius takes precedence. Returns circumference (C = 2πr), area (A = πr²), and both radius and diameter for completeness. Common in mechanical engineering (pulley systems, pipe sizing), electronics (antenna loop calculations, coil winding), civil engineering (manhole covers, circular foundations), and everyday measurement tasks.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| radius | number | The radius of the circle (takes precedence over diameter) |
| diameter | number | The diameter of the circle |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"radius": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The radius of the circle (takes precedence over diameter)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"diameter": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The diameter of the circle",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates compound interest growth over time using the formula A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt). Given a principal, annual rate, duration in years, and compounding frequency, returns the future value, total interest earned, effective annual rate (APY), and a year-by-year growth schedule. Supports optional recurring monthly contributions for savings projections. Works for savings accounts, CDs, investment returns, and retirement planning. Currency-agnostic.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| years* | number | Investment duration in years. Max 100. |
| principal* | number | Initial investment or deposit amount (any currency unit). |
| annual_rate_pct* | number | Annual interest rate as a percentage (e.g., 5.5 for 5.5%). |
| compounds_per_year | integer | How often interest compounds per year. Allowed: 1 (annually), 2 (semi-annually), 4 (quarterly), 12 (monthly), 52 (weekly), 365 (daily). Defaults to 12. |
| monthly_contribution | number | Optional recurring monthly contribution added at each month. Defaults to 0. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"principal",
"annual_rate_pct",
"years"
],
"properties": {
"years": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 100,
"description": "Investment duration in years. Max 100.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"principal": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Initial investment or deposit amount (any currency unit).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"annual_rate_pct": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Annual interest rate as a percentage (e.g., 5.5 for 5.5%)."
},
"compounds_per_year": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 12,
"maximum": 365,
"description": "How often interest compounds per year. Allowed: 1 (annually), 2 (semi-annually), 4 (quarterly), 12 (monthly), 52 (weekly), 365 (daily). Defaults to 12.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"monthly_contribution": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Optional recurring monthly contribution added at each month. Defaults to 0."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate the confidence interval for a sample mean. Given a sample mean, sample size, standard deviation, and confidence level, computes the margin of error, lower and upper bounds, critical z-score, and standard error. Supports finite population correction (FPC) when a population size is provided, which narrows the interval for samples that are a large fraction of the population. Uses the Abramowitz & Stegun rational approximation for the inverse normal CDF to derive the critical z-value. Common in survey analysis, A/B testing, and quality control.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| sample_mean* | number | The observed sample mean (x-bar) around which the confidence interval is centered. |
| sample_size* | integer | The number of observations in the sample (n). Must be a positive integer. |
| population_size | integer | Total population size for finite population correction (FPC). Omit for infinite population assumption. |
| confidence_level | number | Confidence level as a decimal between 0 and 1 (e.g. 0.95 for 95%). Default is 0.95. |
| standard_deviation* | number | The standard deviation of the sample or population. Must be a positive number. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"sample_mean",
"sample_size",
"standard_deviation"
],
"properties": {
"sample_mean": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The observed sample mean (x-bar) around which the confidence interval is centered."
},
"sample_size": {
"type": "integer",
"description": "The number of observations in the sample (n). Must be a positive integer.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"population_size": {
"type": "integer",
"description": "Total population size for finite population correction (FPC). Omit for infinite population assumption.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"confidence_level": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.95,
"description": "Confidence level as a decimal between 0 and 1 (e.g. 0.95 for 95%). Default is 0.95.",
"exclusiveMaximum": 1,
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"standard_deviation": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The standard deviation of the sample or population. Must be a positive number.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Estimate the cooling load (BTU/hr) for a homelab or server closet based on equipment wattage, room dimensions, insulation quality, and solar exposure. All electrical power converts to heat — this tool calculates equipment heat output, envelope heat gain through walls, and solar gain to produce a total BTU/hr cooling requirement. Recommends AC tonnage, mini-split sizing (rounded to standard 6K BTU increments), and exhaust fan CFM for ventilation-only cooling. Use after power_cost to size cooling for your homelab room.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| insulation | string | Wall/ceiling insulation quality: poor (uninsulated garage), average (standard drywall), good (insulated interior), excellent (server room with vapor barrier) |
| total_watts* | number | Total power consumption in watts — all power becomes heat |
| sun_exposure | string | Solar heat gain: none (interior/basement room), partial (one exterior wall with window), full (multiple sun-facing windows) |
| room_width_ft | number | Room width in feet |
| target_temp_f | number | Desired room temperature in degrees Fahrenheit |
| ambient_temp_f | number | Ambient temperature outside the room in degrees Fahrenheit |
| room_height_ft | number | Room ceiling height in feet |
Calculate the difference between two dates in days, weeks, months, years, and business days. Accepts dates in YYYY-MM-DD format. Returns the absolute difference (order doesn't matter) plus a flag indicating whether the end date is in the future relative to start. Business days count only Monday through Friday. Useful for project planning, deadline tracking, contract duration calculations, and age computations.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| end_date* | string | End date in YYYY-MM-DD format (e.g., '2024-12-31'). |
| start_date* | string | Start date in YYYY-MM-DD format (e.g., '2024-01-15'). |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"start_date",
"end_date"
],
"properties": {
"end_date": {
"type": "string",
"pattern": "^\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}$",
"description": "End date in YYYY-MM-DD format (e.g., '2024-12-31')."
},
"start_date": {
"type": "string",
"pattern": "^\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}$",
"description": "Start date in YYYY-MM-DD format (e.g., '2024-01-15')."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Convert a power level in dBm to milliwatts, watts, dBW, and RMS voltage across a given impedance. dBm is the standard unit for RF power referenced to 1 milliwatt. This tool is essential when interfacing datasheets (which use dBm) with circuit analysis (which uses volts and watts). Default impedance is 50 ohms, matching most RF systems. Use this to quickly verify power amplifier output, receiver sensitivity, or regulatory EIRP limits.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| dbm* | number | Power level in dBm (decibels relative to 1 milliwatt) |
| impedance_ohm | number | Load impedance in ohms for Vrms calculation (default 50) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"dbm"
],
"properties": {
"dbm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Power level in dBm (decibels relative to 1 milliwatt)"
},
"impedance_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"default": 50,
"description": "Load impedance in ohms for Vrms calculation (default 50)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate physical dimensions of a dipole antenna for a given frequency. Returns half-wave or quarter-wave element length in metres, feet, and inches. A half-wave dipole is the most common resonant antenna with approximately 2.15 dBi gain. A quarter-wave monopole (ground plane antenna) is half the length and is widely used in handheld radios and vehicle-mounted systems. Use this before building or purchasing an antenna to verify element length for your operating frequency.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| type | string | Antenna type: half_wave dipole or quarter_wave monopole |
| freq_mhz* | number | Operating frequency in megahertz (MHz) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"freq_mhz"
],
"properties": {
"type": {
"enum": [
"half_wave",
"quarter_wave"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "half_wave",
"description": "Antenna type: half_wave dipole or quarter_wave monopole"
},
"freq_mhz": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Operating frequency in megahertz (MHz)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates LoRa duty cycle budget for EU868, US915, AS923, and AU915 regulatory regions. Computes maximum messages per hour, minimum transmission interval, and effective data rate under regional duty cycle constraints. EU868 and AS923 enforce 1% duty cycle (ETSI); US915 has no duty cycle limit but a 400 ms dwell time per channel (FCC); AU915 has no duty cycle limit. Flags dwell-time-limited regions where packet airtime must not exceed the dwell time. Chain from lora_airtime to get airtime_ms input for end-to-end regulatory compliance analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| region | string | LoRa regulatory region. EU868: 1% duty cycle (ETSI). US915: no duty cycle but 400 ms dwell time (FCC). AS923: 1% duty cycle (varies by country). AU915: no duty cycle limit. |
| airtime_ms* | number | Packet time-on-air in milliseconds. Obtain from the lora_airtime tool. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"airtime_ms"
],
"properties": {
"region": {
"enum": [
"EU868",
"US915",
"AS923",
"AU915"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "EU868",
"description": "LoRa regulatory region. EU868: 1% duty cycle (ETSI). US915: no duty cycle but 400 ms dwell time (FCC). AS923: 1% duty cycle (varies by country). AU915: no duty cycle limit."
},
"airtime_ms": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Packet time-on-air in milliseconds. Obtain from the lora_airtime tool.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Checks EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) compliance against regional regulatory limits for LoRa and Meshtastic operation. Computes EIRP from transmit power, antenna gain, and cable loss, then compares against FCC (US, 36 dBm), ETSI (EU, 16.15 dBm), ACMA (Australia, 30 dBm), IC (Canada, 36 dBm), and ARIB (Japan, 13 dBm) limits. Returns compliance status, margin in dB, and a warning message if over the limit. Critical for Meshtastic deployments using aftermarket high-gain antennas which can easily exceed ETSI/JP limits. Accepts tx_power and antenna_gain from meshtastic_range for chain validation.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| region | string | Regulatory region for EIRP limit lookup. FCC_US: 36 dBm, ETSI_EU: ~16 dBm, ACMA_AU: 30 dBm, IC_CA: 36 dBm, JP: 13 dBm. |
| tx_power_dbm* | number | Conducted transmit power at the radio output in dBm. Typical LoRa: 14-22 dBm. |
| cable_loss_db | number | Coaxial cable and connector loss in dB. Set 0 for devices with integrated antennas. |
| antenna_gain_dbi* | number | Antenna gain in dBi. Stock Meshtastic antennas: 2-3 dBi. External: 6-10+ dBi. |
| custom_limit_dbm | number | Custom EIRP limit in dBm. Only used when region is 'custom'. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"tx_power_dbm",
"antenna_gain_dbi"
],
"properties": {
"region": {
"enum": [
"FCC_US",
"ETSI_EU",
"ACMA_AU",
"IC_CA",
"JP",
"custom"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "FCC_US",
"description": "Regulatory region for EIRP limit lookup. FCC_US: 36 dBm, ETSI_EU: ~16 dBm, ACMA_AU: 30 dBm, IC_CA: 36 dBm, JP: 13 dBm."
},
"tx_power_dbm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Conducted transmit power at the radio output in dBm. Typical LoRa: 14-22 dBm."
},
"cable_loss_db": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Coaxial cable and connector loss in dB. Set 0 for devices with integrated antennas."
},
"antenna_gain_dbi": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Antenna gain in dBi. Stock Meshtastic antennas: 2-3 dBi. External: 6-10+ dBi."
},
"custom_limit_dbm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Custom EIRP limit in dBm. Only used when region is 'custom'."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Compute the result of raising a base to an exponent (base^exponent). Handles positive and negative exponents, fractional exponents, and zero. Returns the numeric result and a scientific notation string for very large or very small results. Useful for compound interest calculations, exponential growth/decay models, physics power laws, and combinatorics. The inverse of log_calc; chain with scientific_notation for formatted display of extreme values.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| base* | number | The base number |
| exponent* | number | The exponent (power) to raise the base to |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"base",
"exponent"
],
"properties": {
"base": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The base number"
},
"exponent": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The exponent (power) to raise the base to"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate the Fresnel zone radius at the midpoint of a radio link. Given frequency in MHz, link distance in kilometres, and zone number (1-5), returns the Fresnel zone radius in metres and feet, plus the 60% clearance threshold used in practical link engineering. The first Fresnel zone defines the region where most RF energy travels; obstructions within 60% of this radius cause significant signal degradation. Feeds into link_budget for path clearance analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| dist_km* | number | Total link distance in kilometres |
| freq_mhz* | number | Operating frequency in megahertz (MHz) |
| zone_number | integer | Fresnel zone number (1-5, default 1) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"freq_mhz",
"dist_km"
],
"properties": {
"dist_km": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total link distance in kilometres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"freq_mhz": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Operating frequency in megahertz (MHz)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"zone_number": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 1,
"maximum": 5,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Fresnel zone number (1-5, default 1)"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate free-space path loss (FSPL) in decibels using the ITU-R P.525 standard formula. Given a frequency in MHz and distance in kilometres, returns the expected signal attenuation in an ideal line-of-sight radio link with no obstacles, reflections, or atmospheric absorption. Also computes the RF wavelength. Use this to estimate baseline path loss before adding fade margins, antenna gains, or environmental corrections. Feeds directly into link_budget for full end-to-end analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| dist_km* | number | Distance between transmitter and receiver in kilometres |
| freq_mhz* | number | Carrier frequency in megahertz (MHz) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"freq_mhz",
"dist_km"
],
"properties": {
"dist_km": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Distance between transmitter and receiver in kilometres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"freq_mhz": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Carrier frequency in megahertz (MHz)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Compares total cost of ownership between a fuel generator and a solar+battery system over a configurable time horizon. Calculates yearly and cumulative costs for generator-only, solar-only (amortized), and hybrid scenarios. Accounts for fuel cost, generator consumption rate, maintenance intervals, solar system amortization, and battery coverage. Outputs yearly costs, total savings, breakeven year, solar coverage percentage, and generator hours saved. Essential for off-grid site planning, remote telecom towers, construction sites, and rural electrification proposals.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| battery_kwh | number | Battery storage capacity in kWh (0 means no battery, generator needed at night), default 0 |
| daily_kwh_needed* | number | Total daily energy requirement in kWh |
| years_to_compare | integer | Number of years to compare, default 10 |
| solar_system_cost_usd* | number | Total solar+battery system cost in USD |
| generator_hours_per_day | number | Generator runtime hours per day, default 8 |
| solar_daily_kwh_produced* | number | Daily solar energy production in kWh |
| generator_consumption_gph | number |
Analyze a forced-convection fin-array heatsink using established channel-flow correlations (developing laminar Nusselt, fin efficiency tanh(mH)/mH, parallel-plate friction). Computes base-to-air thermal resistance, pressure drop, base and fin-tip temperatures, fin efficiency, and the optimal fin spacing for the given airflow. Use for heatsink selection and first-pass optimization in electronics cooling. Runs instantly in-worker; mesh-level CFD via container backend is planned.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| fin_count* | integer | Number of fins |
| heat_load_w* | number | Total heat load applied to base in watts |
| base_width_m* | number | Heatsink base width in metres |
| fin_height_m* | number | Fin height in metres |
| mesh_density | string | Mesh density |
| base_height_m* | number | Base plate thickness in metres |
| base_length_m* | number | Heatsink base length in metres |
| ambient_temp_c | number |
Convert numbers between hexadecimal, binary, decimal, and octal bases. Accepts any base as input (prefix 0x for hex, 0b for binary, 0o for octal, or plain decimal) and returns all four representations simultaneously. Also reports bit width, byte count, ASCII character (if printable), and signed interpretations (8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit two's complement). Essential for embedded programming, register debugging, network protocol analysis, and color code conversion. Example: 0xFF → decimal 255, binary 0b11111111, octal 0o377, 8 bits, 1 byte.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| value* | string | The number to convert. Prefix with 0x for hex (0xFF), 0b for binary (0b1010), 0o for octal (0o17). Plain numbers are treated as decimal. Supports negative values with leading minus. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"value"
],
"properties": {
"value": {
"type": "string",
"description": "The number to convert. Prefix with 0x for hex (0xFF), 0b for binary (0b1010), 0o for octal (0o17). Plain numbers are treated as decimal. Supports negative values with leading minus."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Designs an L-network impedance matching circuit between two real impedances at a given frequency. Computes the required shunt and series reactive components (inductor and capacitor) to transform the source impedance to the load impedance. The network Q factor is sqrt(Rh/Rl - 1) where Rh is the higher impedance. Topology is automatically selected: the shunt element is placed across the higher impedance side. Essential for antenna matching, amplifier input/output matching, and maximizing power transfer. Chain from lc_resonance to match at a tank circuit's resonant frequency.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| freq_mhz* | number | Design frequency in megahertz for component value calculation. |
| load_ohm* | number | Load impedance in ohms (real, resistive). Must differ from source impedance. |
| source_ohm* | number | Source impedance in ohms (real, resistive). Must differ from load impedance. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"source_ohm",
"load_ohm",
"freq_mhz"
],
"properties": {
"freq_mhz": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Design frequency in megahertz for component value calculation.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"load_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Load impedance in ohms (real, resistive). Must differ from source impedance.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"source_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Source impedance in ohms (real, resistive). Must differ from load impedance.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Size a DC-to-AC inverter for off-grid solar, battery backup, or mobile power systems. Computes the required continuous VA rating from total load watts and power factor, estimates surge capacity for motor-starting loads (3-7x rated power), applies NEC-recommended 20% derating for continuous operation, and selects the nearest standard inverter size. Also calculates DC input current at the system voltage for cable and fuse sizing. Chain from solar_load_audit to get peak_watts and largest_load_watts, then chain to wire_gauge or wire_ampacity to size the DC cables. Essential for off-grid cabins, RV/van builds, emergency backup, and solar+battery installations.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| efficiency | number | Inverter efficiency (0.5-1.0). Good pure-sine inverters are 0.90-0.95. Modified-sine are 0.85-0.90. Budget units may be lower. |
| surge_watts | number | Peak surge/starting load in watts. Motors and compressors draw 3-7x rated watts on startup. If omitted, estimated as 3x the largest single load or 2x continuous, whichever is greater. |
| derating_pct | number | Derating percentage for temperature, altitude, and safety margin. NEC recommends 20% (80% continuous rating). Range 0-50%. |
| power_factor | number | Power factor (0.5-1.0). Resistive loads (heaters, lights) are ~1.0. Motor loads (fridge, AC, pump) are 0.6-0.8. Mixed loads typically 0.8. |
| system_voltage | string | DC system voltage. 12V for small/mobile, 24V for medium, 48V for large residential/commercial. Higher voltage = lower current = thinner cables. |
Calculates the resonant frequency of an LC circuit, along with optional Q factor and bandwidth when series resistance is provided. The resonant frequency f0 = 1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C)) is where inductive and capacitive reactances cancel. Used for designing tank circuits, oscillators, bandpass filters, and antenna matching networks. If resistance R is given, computes quality factor Q = (1/R)*sqrt(L/C) and 3 dB bandwidth = f0/Q. Chain into impedance_match to design matching networks at the resonant frequency.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| inductance_h* | number | Inductance in henries (H). The inductive element of the LC circuit. |
| capacitance_f* | number | Capacitance in farads (F). The capacitive element of the LC circuit. |
| resistance_ohm | number | Optional series resistance in ohms for Q factor and bandwidth calculation. Omit for ideal LC analysis. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"inductance_h",
"capacitance_f"
],
"properties": {
"inductance_h": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Inductance in henries (H). The inductive element of the LC circuit.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"capacitance_f": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Capacitance in farads (F). The capacitive element of the LC circuit.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"resistance_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Optional series resistance in ohms for Q factor and bandwidth calculation. Omit for ideal LC analysis.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates the current-limiting resistor for driving one or more LEDs in series from a DC supply. Computes the exact resistance from R = (Vsupply - n*Vf) / I, then selects the nearest E24 standard resistor value. Reports the actual current with the standard resistor, power dissipation, and voltage across the resistor. Supports series LED strings by specifying led_count. Validates that supply voltage exceeds total forward voltage. Chain from ohms_law for power budgeting or into trace_width for PCB layout.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| led_count | integer | Number of LEDs in series. Defaults to 1. |
| led_forward_v | number | LED forward voltage in volts (V). Defaults to 2.0V (typical red LED). |
| led_current_ma | number | Desired LED current in milliamps (mA). Defaults to 20mA. |
| supply_voltage_v* | number | Supply voltage in volts (V). Must be positive. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"supply_voltage_v"
],
"properties": {
"led_count": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 1,
"description": "Number of LEDs in series. Defaults to 1.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"led_forward_v": {
"type": "number",
"default": 2,
"description": "LED forward voltage in volts (V). Defaults to 2.0V (typical red LED).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"led_current_ma": {
"type": "number",
"default": 20,
"description": "Desired LED current in milliamps (mA). Defaults to 20mA.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"supply_voltage_v": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Supply voltage in volts (V). Must be positive.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Compute a full RF link budget from transmitter power, frequency, distance, and antenna gains. Calculates EIRP, free-space path loss (ITU-R P.525), received power at the receiver, and link margin relative to an optional receiver sensitivity threshold. Use this to determine whether a wireless link closes with adequate margin. Accepts output from noise_figure_cascade and feeds into snr_margin for full receive-chain analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| tx_dbm* | number | Transmitter output power in dBm |
| dist_km* | number | Link distance in kilometres |
| freq_mhz* | number | Carrier frequency in megahertz (MHz) |
| rx_gain_dbi | number | Receive antenna gain in dBi (default 2.15 for a half-wave dipole) |
| tx_gain_dbi | number | Transmit antenna gain in dBi (default 2.15 for a half-wave dipole) |
| rx_sensitivity_dbm | number | Receiver sensitivity in dBm; when provided, link margin is calculated |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"tx_dbm",
"freq_mhz",
"dist_km"
],
"properties": {
"tx_dbm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Transmitter output power in dBm"
},
"dist_km": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Link distance in kilometres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"freq_mhz": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Carrier frequency in megahertz (MHz)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"rx_gain_dbi": {
"type": "number",
"default": 2.15,
"description": "Receive antenna gain in dBi (default 2.15 for a half-wave dipole)"
},
"tx_gain_dbi": {
"type": "number",
"default": 2.15,
"description": "Transmit antenna gain in dBi (default 2.15 for a half-wave dipole)"
},
"rx_sensitivity_dbm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Receiver sensitivity in dBm; when provided, link margin is calculated"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Computes a full loan amortization schedule given principal, annual interest rate, and term in months. Returns the fixed monthly payment, total interest, total payments, and a month-by-month breakdown of principal vs interest. Supports optional extra monthly payments — shows months saved and interest saved. Works for mortgages (30yr/15yr), auto loans, personal loans, and student loans. All currency-agnostic. Use with /run?page=1&page_size=12 to paginate the schedule array for context-friendly agent consumption.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| principal* | number | Loan principal amount in dollars (or any currency unit). |
| term_months* | integer | Loan term in months. Max 600 (50 years). Common values: 360 (30yr), 180 (15yr), 60 (5yr auto). |
| extra_payment | number | Optional fixed extra monthly payment toward principal. Defaults to 0. |
| annual_rate_pct* | number | Annual interest rate as a percentage (e.g., 6.5 for 6.5%). |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"principal",
"annual_rate_pct",
"term_months"
],
"properties": {
"principal": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Loan principal amount in dollars (or any currency unit).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"term_months": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 600,
"description": "Loan term in months. Max 600 (50 years). Common values: 360 (30yr), 180 (15yr), 60 (5yr auto).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"extra_payment": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Optional fixed extra monthly payment toward principal. Defaults to 0."
},
"annual_rate_pct": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Annual interest rate as a percentage (e.g., 6.5 for 6.5%)."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Compute logarithms of a positive number in any base. Returns the custom-base logarithm, natural logarithm (ln), common logarithm (log10), and binary logarithm (log2). Useful for signal processing (decibel calculations), information theory (entropy in bits), pH chemistry, and general scientific computation. Uses the change-of-base formula log_b(x) = ln(x) / ln(b). Feeds into exponent_calc for inverse operations and scientific_notation for order-of-magnitude analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| base | number | The logarithm base (default 10). Must be positive and not equal to 1 |
| value* | number | The positive number to compute the logarithm of |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"value"
],
"properties": {
"base": {
"type": "number",
"default": 10,
"description": "The logarithm base (default 10). Must be positive and not equal to 1",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"value": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The positive number to compute the logarithm of",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates LoRa packet time-on-air using the Semtech AN1200.13 formula. Computes symbol duration, preamble time, payload symbol count, effective data rate, and the minimum transmission interval for 1% duty cycle compliance. Essential for capacity planning in LoRaWAN and Meshtastic mesh networks. Accepts spreading factor (SF7-SF12), bandwidth (125/250/500 kHz), coding rate (4/5-4/8), payload size, header mode, CRC, and optional low data rate optimization. Feeds airtime_ms to channel_utilization for mesh load analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| cr | integer | LoRa coding rate denominator (5-8). Represents 4/5 through 4/8 FEC ratio. |
| sf | integer | LoRa spreading factor (7-12). Higher SF = longer range but slower data rate. |
| crc | boolean | Whether CRC is appended to payload. Recommended true for reliability. |
| bw_khz | number | LoRa channel bandwidth in kHz. Common values: 125, 250, or 500. |
| payload_bytes* | integer | Application payload size in bytes (0-255). |
| explicit_header | boolean | Whether to use explicit header mode. True for LoRaWAN; false for implicit header. |
| preamble_symbols | integer | Number of preamble symbols. LoRaWAN uses 8; raw LoRa may vary. |
Recommends optimal LoRa spreading factor, bandwidth, and TX power based on target range, terrain, and optimization priority. Iterates through all SF (7-12) and BW (125/250/500 kHz) combinations, computing achievable range, airtime, data rate, and battery impact for each. Ranks candidates by priority: 'range' maximizes distance, 'speed' minimizes airtime, 'battery' minimizes power consumption, 'balanced' penalizes extremes. Respects regional TX power limits (FCC/ETSI/ACMA) and duty cycle constraints. Returns the recommended parameters with estimated range, airtime, duty-cycle message limit, battery life, and data rate. Essential for tuning Meshtastic and LoRa deployments to specific requirements.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| region | string | Regulatory region. Determines max TX power and duty cycle limit. |
| terrain | string | Terrain type for path loss model. open: line-of-sight, suburban: light buildings, urban: moderate buildings, dense_urban: city center, indoor: inside buildings. |
| priority | string | Optimization priority. range: maximize distance (high SF, low BW). speed: minimize airtime (low SF, high BW). battery: minimize power draw. balanced: best trade-off across all factors. |
| target_range_km* | number | Desired communication range in kilometers. |
| antenna_gain_dbi | number | Antenna gain in dBi. 2.15 = half-wave dipole reference. |
| max_payload_bytes | integer |
Estimates LoRa maximum communication range by computing the free-space path loss (FSPL) link budget and applying terrain-dependent correction factors. Calculates total link budget from transmit power, antenna gains, and receiver sensitivity, then solves the FSPL equation for distance after subtracting terrain losses (0 dB open to 50 dB indoor). Returns estimated range in km, link margin at 1 km, and effective path loss. Useful for Meshtastic deployment planning and coverage mapping. Terrain corrections are empirical estimates; real-world range varies with elevation, foliage, and weather.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| tx_dbm | number | Transmit power in dBm. Typical LoRa: 14-30 dBm depending on region and module. |
| terrain | string | Terrain type for path loss correction. open: line-of-sight, suburban: light buildings, urban: moderate buildings, dense_urban: city center, indoor: inside buildings. |
| freq_mhz | number | Carrier frequency in MHz. Common: 868 (EU), 915 (US/AU), 433 (Asia). |
| rx_gain_dbi | number | Receive antenna gain in dBi. 2.15 dBi = half-wave dipole. |
| tx_gain_dbi | number | Transmit antenna gain in dBi. 2.15 dBi = half-wave dipole. |
| rx_sensitivity_dbm | number | Receiver sensitivity in dBm. Typical LoRa SF10/BW125: -130 dBm. Varies by SF and bandwidth. |
Calculates LoRa receiver sensitivity from spreading factor, bandwidth, and noise figure using the Semtech SX1276 datasheet SNR thresholds. Computes the noise floor from thermal noise density (-174 dBm/Hz), channel bandwidth, and receiver noise figure, then adds the spreading-factor-dependent minimum demodulation SNR. Returns sensitivity in dBm, noise floor, required SNR, and thermal noise reference. Essential for link budget planning in LoRaWAN and Meshtastic networks. Feeds sensitivity_dbm to link_budget and lora_range_estimate for end-to-end coverage analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| sf | integer | LoRa spreading factor (7-12). Higher SF = better sensitivity but slower data rate. |
| bw_khz | number | LoRa channel bandwidth in kHz. Lower bandwidth = better sensitivity. |
| noise_figure_db | number | Receiver noise figure in dB. Typical LoRa radio NF is 6 dB (SX1276). |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"sf": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 10,
"maximum": 12,
"minimum": 7,
"description": "LoRa spreading factor (7-12). Higher SF = better sensitivity but slower data rate."
},
"bw_khz": {
"enum": [
125,
250,
500
],
"type": "number",
"default": 125,
"description": "LoRa channel bandwidth in kHz. Lower bandwidth = better sensitivity."
},
"noise_figure_db": {
"type": "number",
"default": 6,
"description": "Receiver noise figure in dB. Typical LoRa radio NF is 6 dB (SX1276)."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Converts battery capacity from milliamp-hours (mAh) to watt-hours (Wh), kilowatt-hours (kWh), and joules (J) given the nominal cell voltage. This is the most common battery unit conversion needed when comparing cells rated in mAh (e.g. 18650, AA) against energy budgets specified in Wh. Essential for airline lithium battery compliance (100 Wh limit for carry-on), solar battery bank sizing, and UPS capacity planning. Echoes back input values for easy chaining into battery_life, solar_sizing, and ups_runtime tools.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| voltage_v* | number | Nominal battery voltage (V) |
| capacity_mah* | number | Battery capacity in milliamp-hours (mAh) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"capacity_mah",
"voltage_v"
],
"properties": {
"voltage_v": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Nominal battery voltage (V)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"capacity_mah": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Battery capacity in milliamp-hours (mAh)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates Meshtastic node power consumption and battery runtime using device-specific power profiles and firmware role-based duty cycling. Models sleep, RX, and TX current draw for Heltec V3, RAK WisBlock, T-Beam, T-Beam Supreme, and Station G2 with GPS, BLE, and display peripheral toggles. Role selection (client, router, repeater, client_muted) controls the duty cycle model: routers stay in RX mode continuously while clients sleep between events. Returns average current, runtime in hours/days, daily Wh consumption, and time distribution across TX/RX/sleep states. Feed daily_wh to solar_sizing for off-grid planning.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| role | string | Meshtastic node role. client: sleeps between events. router: always listening. repeater: always listening, no display/BLE. client_muted: aggressive sleep. |
| device | string | Meshtastic hardware device. Selects power consumption profile for sleep, RX, TX, GPS, and BLE. |
| battery_mah | number | Battery capacity in milliamp-hours. Common: 1100 (18650 min), 3000 (typical), 6000 (large). |
| gps_enabled | boolean | Whether GPS is enabled. Significantly increases power draw on devices with built-in GPS. |
| channel_preset | string | Meshtastic channel preset. Affects TX airtime per message and thus power consumption. |
| battery_voltage | number | Nominal battery voltage. 3.7V for single-cell LiPo/Li-ion, 7.4V for 2S packs. |
Estimates Meshtastic node communication range using real hardware profiles and firmware channel presets. Combines device-specific TX power and antenna gain (Heltec V3, RAK WisBlock, T-Beam, T-Beam Supreme, Station G2) with firmware modem presets (Long Fast, Long Slow, Very Long Slow, Medium, Short) to compute receiver sensitivity and FSPL-based range with terrain correction. Automatically populates LoRa parameters from device and channel selection, with optional overrides for custom antennas or power levels. Essential for Meshtastic deployment planning and node placement. Returns range, sensitivity, link budget, and the effective radio parameters used.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| cr | integer | Custom coding rate denominator (5-8). Only used when channel_preset is 'custom'. |
| sf | integer | Custom spreading factor (7-12). Only used when channel_preset is 'custom'. |
| bw_khz | number | Custom bandwidth in kHz. Only used when channel_preset is 'custom'. |
| device | string | Meshtastic hardware device. Selects default TX power, antenna gain, and noise figure. Use 'custom' to override all radio parameters manually. |
| terrain | string | Terrain type for path loss correction. open: line-of-sight, suburban: light buildings, urban: moderate buildings, dense_urban: city center, indoor: inside buildings. |
| tx_power_dbm | number | Override device default transmit power in dBm. |
Calculate PCB microstrip trace width for a target characteristic impedance using the Hammerstad-Jensen closed-form equations. Given target impedance (Z0), substrate dielectric constant (er), substrate height, and copper weight, returns the required trace width and effective dielectric constant. Optionally computes effective wavelength at a given frequency. Essential for RF PCB layout to achieve controlled impedance traces (e.g. 50 ohm for SMA connectors). References IPC-2141.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| er | number | Substrate relative dielectric constant (default 4.6 for FR-4) |
| z0_ohm | number | Target characteristic impedance in ohms (default 50) |
| freq_mhz | number | Optional frequency in MHz for effective wavelength calculation |
| copper_oz | number | Copper weight in oz/ft2 (1 oz = 0.035 mm thickness) |
| height_mm* | number | Substrate height (dielectric thickness) in millimetres |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"height_mm"
],
"properties": {
"er": {
"type": "number",
"default": 4.6,
"description": "Substrate relative dielectric constant (default 4.6 for FR-4)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"z0_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"default": 50,
"description": "Target characteristic impedance in ohms (default 50)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"freq_mhz": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Optional frequency in MHz for effective wavelength calculation",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"copper_oz": {
"type": "number",
"default": 1,
"description": "Copper weight in oz/ft2 (1 oz = 0.035 mm thickness)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"height_mm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Substrate height (dielectric thickness) in millimetres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Plan and validate network link capacity for homelab workloads. Determine whether a 1G, 2.5G, 10G, or faster link can handle your concurrent streams (VMs, backups, media, iSCSI). Calculates effective bandwidth after TCP/IP overhead, total required bandwidth, utilization percentage, and remaining headroom. Flags saturation at 80% utilization and identifies whether the bottleneck is network or storage. Provides a 1TB transfer time reference and recommends the next link speed upgrade if your current link is saturated. Useful for planning NIC upgrades, switch purchases, and storage network design.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| link_speed_gbps* | number | Network link speed in gigabits per second (e.g. 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 40, 100) |
| concurrent_streams | integer | Number of concurrent data streams / transfers |
| protocol_overhead_pct | number | TCP/IP protocol overhead as a percentage (typically 3-5% for TCP, ~1% for UDP) |
| stream_bandwidth_mbps | number | Bandwidth required per stream in megabits per second |
| storage_throughput_mbps | number | Maximum storage read/write throughput in megabits per second. If provided, checks whether storage is the bottleneck |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"link_speed_gbps"
],
"properties": {
"link_speed_gbps": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Network link speed in gigabits per second (e.g. 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 40, 100)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"concurrent_streams": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 1,
"description": "Number of concurrent data streams / transfers",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"protocol_overhead_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 3,
"maximum": 50,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "TCP/IP protocol overhead as a percentage (typically 3-5% for TCP, ~1% for UDP)"
},
"stream_bandwidth_mbps": {
"type": "number",
"default": 100,
"description": "Bandwidth required per stream in megabits per second",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"storage_throughput_mbps": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Maximum storage read/write throughput in megabits per second. If provided, checks whether storage is the bottleneck",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate the cascaded noise figure of a multi-stage receiver chain using the Friis formula. Each stage has a noise figure and gain in dB. The first stage dominates overall system noise, which is why low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are placed at the front of the chain. Returns total cascaded noise figure, total gain, and equivalent noise temperature. Feeds into link_budget for complete receive-chain sensitivity analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| stages* | array | Ordered array of receiver chain stages, each with nf_db and gain_db |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"stages"
],
"properties": {
"stages": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"nf_db",
"gain_db"
],
"properties": {
"nf_db": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Noise figure of the stage in dB"
},
"gain_db": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Gain of the stage in dB"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"minItems": 1,
"description": "Ordered array of receiver chain stages, each with nf_db and gain_db"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Solves Ohm's Law and the power equation given any two of four electrical quantities: voltage (V), current (I), resistance (R), and power (P). Uses V=IR, P=VI, P=I^2R, and P=V^2/R to derive the missing two values. Fundamental for every circuit design task: sizing resistors, estimating current draw, checking power dissipation, and verifying component ratings. Chain into led_resistor for LED circuits or voltage_divider for bias networks.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| power_w | number | Power in watts (W). Provide exactly 2 of the 4 parameters. |
| current_a | number | Current in amps (A). Provide exactly 2 of the 4 parameters. |
| voltage_v | number | Voltage in volts (V). Provide exactly 2 of the 4 parameters. |
| resistance_ohm | number | Resistance in ohms. Provide exactly 2 of the 4 parameters. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"power_w": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Power in watts (W). Provide exactly 2 of the 4 parameters.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"current_a": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Current in amps (A). Provide exactly 2 of the 4 parameters.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"voltage_v": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Voltage in volts (V). Provide exactly 2 of the 4 parameters.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"resistance_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Resistance in ohms. Provide exactly 2 of the 4 parameters.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate voltage gain and output for operational amplifier circuits in inverting, non-inverting, and differential configurations. For inverting: Av = -Rf/Ri with input impedance equal to Ri. For non-inverting: Av = 1 + Rf/Rg with very high input impedance. For differential: Av = Rf/Ri applied to (V1 - V2). Reports gain in linear and dB, output voltage when input is provided, input impedance, and phase inversion status. Ideal op-amp assumptions (infinite open-loop gain, zero input bias current). Chain from ohms_law for power budgeting or resistor_color_code for component selection.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| vin_v | number | Input voltage in volts (optional). When provided, computes actual output voltage. For differential topology, this is V1 (non-inverting input). |
| rf_ohm* | number | Feedback resistor Rf in ohms. Sets gain magnitude in all topologies. |
| ri_ohm* | number | Input/gain resistor in ohms. For inverting: input resistor Ri. For non-inverting: ground resistor Rg. For differential: input resistor on both channels. |
| vin2_v | number | Second input voltage in volts (differential topology only). This is V2 (inverting input). |
| topology* | string | Op-amp circuit topology. 'inverting' uses Rf/Ri feedback with input to inverting terminal. 'non_inverting' applies input to non-inverting terminal with Rf/Rg feedback. 'differential' amplifies the voltage difference between two inputs. |
Calculate the p-value for a z-score or t-statistic. Supports one-tailed (left or right) and two-tailed hypothesis tests using either the standard normal distribution or the Student's t-distribution when degrees of freedom are specified. Returns significance flags at the 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 alpha levels. Essential for interpreting results from t-tests, z-tests, ANOVA post-hoc comparisons, and regression coefficients. Uses the Abramowitz & Stegun normal CDF approximation and regularized incomplete beta function for the t-distribution.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| test_type | string | Tail type: one_tail_left (p from left), one_tail_right (p from right), or two_tail (both tails combined). |
| test_statistic* | number | The z-score or t-statistic from your hypothesis test. Positive values indicate the observed value is above the null hypothesis mean. |
| degrees_of_freedom | integer | Degrees of freedom for the t-distribution. Omit to use the standard normal (z) distribution. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"test_statistic"
],
"properties": {
"test_type": {
"enum": [
"one_tail_left",
"one_tail_right",
"two_tail"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "two_tail",
"description": "Tail type: one_tail_left (p from left), one_tail_right (p from right), or two_tail (both tails combined)."
},
"test_statistic": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The z-score or t-statistic from your hypothesis test. Positive values indicate the observed value is above the null hypothesis mean."
},
"degrees_of_freedom": {
"type": "integer",
"description": "Degrees of freedom for the t-distribution. Omit to use the standard normal (z) distribution.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Turn a SPICE netlist into a fab-ready 2-layer PCB: assigns real footprints (0805, TO-92, DO-35, DIP-8, headers, LED, radial-cap), auto-places components (connectivity-aware; or use your own placement), routes a 2-layer maze router with vias, and VERIFIES the result with DRC (clearance/crossing checks) and ERC (union-find copper connectivity proven against the netlist). Returns the board, routing stats + honest unrouted-net list, DRC violations, ERC net status, a 'manufacturable' flag (true only when DRC+ERC clean and everything routed), SVG layers (top/bottom copper, silkscreen, drill, assembly), and optional Gerber RS-274X + Excellon drill files. Same netlist you simulate with spice_simulate — design, verify, and lay out an entire board through the tool layer. Supply a 'placement' array for production-quality boards; the auto-router is a first-pass best-of-N-seeds.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| board | object | Optional board size in mm; auto-sized if omitted |
| gerber | boolean | Also return Gerber RS-274X + Excellon drill files |
| netlist* | string | SPICE netlist (same format as spice_simulate). Components + nets are extracted; .model/.tran/etc. ignored. |
| gnd_pour | boolean | Treat GND as a bottom-layer pour (unions all GND pads for ERC) |
| placement | array | Optional manual placement; omit for connectivity-aware auto-placement (best of N seeds). |
| clearance_mm | number | Minimum copper clearance in mm |
Estimate PCB component temperatures by solving a thermal resistance network (thermal↔electrical analogy) with the built-in MNA solver. Each component gets a junction node (package θjb from a typical-datasheet table), a local board node coupled to its neighbours through in-plane FR4/copper conduction, and convection to ambient. Computes per-component junction and case temperatures, board extremes, and flags max-junction violations. Runs instantly in-worker; mesh-level CFD via container backend is planned.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| components* | array | Components on the board |
| mesh_density | string | Mesh density |
| board_width_m* | number | Board width in metres |
| ambient_temp_c | number | Ambient temperature in Celsius |
| board_length_m* | number | Board length in metres |
| board_thickness_m | number | Board thickness in metres (default 1.6mm FR4) |
| airflow_velocity_ms | number | Airflow velocity in m/s (0 = natural convection) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"board_length_m",
"board_width_m",
"components"
],
"properties": {
"components": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"x_m",
"y_m",
"footprint",
"tdp_w"
],
"properties": {
"x_m": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"description": "X position on board in metres"
},
"y_m": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Y position on board in metres"
},
"label": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Component label (e.g. 'U1', 'CPU')"
},
"tdp_w": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Thermal design power in watts",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"footprint": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Package footprint (e.g. QFP-48, BGA-256, SOT-23, TO-220)"
},
"max_junction_temp_c": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Maximum junction temperature (°C) for violation checking"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"minItems": 1,
"description": "Components on the board"
},
"mesh_density": {
"enum": [
"coarse",
"medium",
"fine"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "medium",
"description": "Mesh density"
},
"board_width_m": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 0.5,
"description": "Board width in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"ambient_temp_c": {
"type": "number",
"default": 25,
"description": "Ambient temperature in Celsius"
},
"board_length_m": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 0.5,
"description": "Board length in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"board_thickness_m": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.0016,
"description": "Board thickness in metres (default 1.6mm FR4)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"airflow_velocity_ms": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Airflow velocity in m/s (0 = natural convection)"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate PCB via current-carrying capacity using the IPC-2221 standard. A plated via is a hollow copper cylinder whose cross-sectional area is the annular ring of plating: A = pi * (D - t) * t, where D is the drill diameter and t is plating thickness. The IPC-2221 empirical formula I = k * dT^0.44 * A^0.725 (k=0.048) then gives the maximum current for a given temperature rise. Also computes via barrel resistance from copper resistivity (1.724e-6 ohm-cm) and barrel length (board thickness). When a target current is specified, returns how many parallel vias are needed. Essential for power planes, high-current paths, and thermal via arrays. Chain with trace_width to verify both trace and via can handle the same current.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| temp_rise_c | number | Allowable temperature rise above ambient in degrees Celsius. IPC-2221 standard uses 10, 20, or 30 C. |
| target_current_a | number | Optional target current in amperes. When provided, calculates how many parallel vias are needed to carry this current safely. |
| drill_diameter_mm | number | Via drill hole diameter in millimeters. Common values: 0.2 (microvia), 0.3 (standard), 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0. |
| board_thickness_mm | number | Total PCB board thickness in millimeters. Standard 2-layer is 1.6 mm. Common values: 0.8, 1.0, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4. |
| plating_thickness_um | number | Copper plating thickness on the via barrel wall in micrometers. Standard is 25 um (IPC Class 2). Heavy plating is 50 um (IPC Class 3). |
Calculate what percentage one number is of another. Given a value and a total, returns the percentage, decimal form, and simplified fraction. For example, 3 out of 4 yields 75%, 0.75, and '3/4'. Commonly used for test scores, survey results, financial ratios, completion rates, and unit conversions. Chain with percentage_increase to compare successive measurements or use with test_grade for academic scoring.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| total* | number | The whole or denominator value (must not be zero) |
| value* | number | The part or numerator value |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"value",
"total"
],
"properties": {
"total": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The whole or denominator value (must not be zero)"
},
"value": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The part or numerator value"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate the percentage change between an old value and a new value. Determines whether the change is an increase or decrease, the absolute change, and the percentage change. Essential for financial analysis (stock price changes, revenue growth), scientific measurements (before/ after experiments), performance benchmarks, and population statistics. A positive percentage indicates growth; negative indicates decline. Division by zero (old_value = 0) is handled gracefully.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| new_value* | number | The new or ending value |
| old_value* | number | The original or starting value |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"old_value",
"new_value"
],
"properties": {
"new_value": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The new or ending value"
},
"old_value": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The original or starting value"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate total power consumption, electricity cost, and circuit requirements for a homelab. Enter each device's wattage to get daily/monthly/yearly kWh and cost at your local electricity rate. Accounts for cooling overhead via PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness). Shows amperage draw at 120V and 240V and warns if you exceed the NEC 80% continuous load limit on a 15A breaker. Essential for budgeting homelab operating expenses and ensuring your electrical panel can handle the load. Chain output total_watts into cooling_btu for heat load sizing.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| pue | number | Power Usage Effectiveness — ratio of total facility power to IT equipment power. 1.0 means no cooling overhead, 1.2 is typical for a home server closet, 1.5+ for poorly ventilated spaces |
| devices* | array | List of devices with their wattage |
| hours_per_day | number | Hours per day the devices are running |
| kwh_rate_cents | number | Electricity cost in cents per kilowatt-hour |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"devices"
],
"properties": {
"pue": {
"type": "number",
"default": 1.2,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Power Usage Effectiveness — ratio of total facility power to IT equipment power. 1.0 means no cooling overhead, 1.2 is typical for a home server closet, 1.5+ for poorly ventilated spaces"
},
"devices": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"watts"
],
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Optional label for the device (e.g. 'Dell R730')"
},
"watts": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Power draw of the device in watts",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"minItems": 1,
"description": "List of devices with their wattage"
},
"hours_per_day": {
"type": "number",
"default": 24,
"maximum": 24,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Hours per day the devices are running"
},
"kwh_rate_cents": {
"type": "number",
"default": 12,
"description": "Electricity cost in cents per kilowatt-hour",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Select bypass and bulk decoupling capacitors for IC power supply pins. Computes the target PDN (Power Distribution Network) impedance from supply current, voltage, and allowable ripple using Z_target = V_ripple / I_total. Recommends a ceramic bypass capacitor (high-frequency decoupling, placed closest to IC pins) and a bulk capacitor (low-frequency decoupling, near the regulator). Calculates the ceramic cap's self-resonant frequency assuming typical lead inductance, and checks whether ESR-induced ripple stays within limits. Essential for digital, analog, and mixed-signal PCB design. Chain with lc_resonance to verify the decoupling capacitor's resonant behavior, or with trace_width to size the power trace.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| num_ics | integer | Number of identical ICs sharing this supply rail. Scales the total current demand. |
| esr_mohm | number | Equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the ceramic bypass capacitor in milliohms. Typical MLCC: 5-20 mohm. |
| max_ripple_mv | number | Maximum allowable supply ripple in millivolts (mV). Typical: 50 mV for digital, 10 mV for analog/RF. |
| supply_voltage_v* | number | Supply voltage in volts (V). Common values: 1.8, 2.5, 3.3, 5.0, 12.0. |
| supply_current_ma* | number | IC supply current draw in milliamps (mA). Use the maximum or typical from the datasheet. |
| switching_freq_mhz | number |
Solve for any side of a right triangle using the Pythagorean theorem (a² + b² = c²). Provide any two of the three sides (a, b, c) and the missing side is computed. Also returns the triangle area (0.5 * a * b), perimeter, and confirms it is a right triangle. Side c is always the hypotenuse. Fundamental to surveying, construction (squaring corners), navigation (distance calculations), physics (vector decomposition), and 3D graphics. Chain with slope_calc for coordinate geometry or square_root for simplified radical answers.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| a | number | Length of side a (leg) |
| b | number | Length of side b (leg) |
| c | number | Length of side c (hypotenuse) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"a": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Length of side a (leg)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"b": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Length of side b (leg)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"c": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Length of side c (hypotenuse)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Quick rack space and weight sizing calculator for homelab and small data center racks. Enter your devices with their height in rack units, weight, and wattage to get total utilization, remaining free space, weight totals in lbs and kg, and recommended PDU count based on the NEC 80% continuous load rule (1920W per 20A/120V PDU). Estimates cable management overhead at 2U per 10U of installed gear. Outputs total_watts that chains into power_cost and cooling_btu for full infrastructure planning.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| devices* | array | List of devices to place in the rack |
| rack_units | integer | Total rack height in rack units (standard is 42U) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"devices"
],
"properties": {
"devices": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"height_u"
],
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Optional label for the device (e.g. 'Dell R730', 'Patch Panel')"
},
"watts": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Power draw of the device in watts"
},
"height_u": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 10,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Height of the device in rack units (U)"
},
"weight_lbs": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Weight of the device in pounds"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"minItems": 1,
"description": "List of devices to place in the rack"
},
"rack_units": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 42,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Total rack height in rack units (standard is 42U)"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Estimate RAID array IOPS performance and latency for ZFS and traditional RAID configurations. Calculates maximum read IOPS, write IOPS (accounting for write penalty/amplification per RAID level), blended IOPS for a configurable read/write workload mix, and rough per-disk latency. Supports stripe, mirror, raidz1, raidz2, and raidz3. Use with HDD IOPS (~150), SATA SSD (~50000), or NVMe SSD (~100000) to compare RAID topologies and plan storage performance for databases, VMs, media servers, and general homelab NAS workloads. Chains from zfs_capacity.data_disks for integrated capacity+performance planning.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| read_pct | number | Percentage of workload that is reads (0-100). Typical: 70 for mixed, 90 for read-heavy, 30 for write-heavy |
| disk_iops | number | IOPS per individual disk. Typical values: HDD ~150, SATA SSD ~50000, NVMe SSD ~100000 |
| raid_type | string | RAID level: stripe (no redundancy, write penalty 1), mirror (write penalty 2), raidz1 (write penalty 2), raidz2 (write penalty 3), raidz3 (write penalty 4) |
| disk_count* | integer | Total number of physical disks in the array |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"disk_count"
],
"properties": {
"read_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 70,
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Percentage of workload that is reads (0-100). Typical: 70 for mixed, 90 for read-heavy, 30 for write-heavy"
},
"disk_iops": {
"type": "number",
"default": 150,
"description": "IOPS per individual disk. Typical values: HDD ~150, SATA SSD ~50000, NVMe SSD ~100000",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"raid_type": {
"enum": [
"stripe",
"mirror",
"raidz1",
"raidz2",
"raidz3"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "raidz1",
"description": "RAID level: stripe (no redundancy, write penalty 1), mirror (write penalty 2), raidz1 (write penalty 2), raidz2 (write penalty 3), raidz3 (write penalty 4)"
},
"disk_count": {
"type": "integer",
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Total number of physical disks in the array"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Computes the cutoff frequency, time constant, impedance, and phase shift of a first-order RC filter. Supports both lowpass and highpass topologies. The cutoff frequency is f = 1/(2*pi*R*C) where the signal is attenuated by 3 dB. The time constant tau = R*C governs transient response — the capacitor reaches 63.2% of its final value after one tau. Use for anti-aliasing before ADCs, DC blocking, noise filtering, and signal conditioning. Chain from voltage_divider to design filtered bias networks.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| filter_type | string | Filter topology: 'lowpass' (R then C to ground) or 'highpass' (C then R to ground). |
| capacitance_f* | number | Capacitance in farads (C). The capacitive element of the RC filter. |
| resistance_ohm* | number | Resistance in ohms (R). The resistive element of the RC filter. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"resistance_ohm",
"capacitance_f"
],
"properties": {
"filter_type": {
"enum": [
"lowpass",
"highpass"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "lowpass",
"description": "Filter topology: 'lowpass' (R then C to ground) or 'highpass' (C then R to ground)."
},
"capacitance_f": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Capacitance in farads (C). The capacitive element of the RC filter.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"resistance_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Resistance in ohms (R). The resistive element of the RC filter.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Decodes 4-band or 5-band resistor color codes into resistance value, tolerance, and min/max range. Accepts an ordered array of color names (left-to-right as printed on the resistor body). Supports standard EIA color codes including gold and silver multiplier/tolerance bands. Outputs the nominal resistance in ohms, a human-readable formatted value (e.g. '4.7kΩ'), tolerance percentage, and the min/max resistance range. Chain into ohms_law or led_resistor for circuit analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| bands* | array | Array of 4 or 5 color band names from left to right. 4-band: [digit1, digit2, multiplier, tolerance]. 5-band: [digit1, digit2, digit3, multiplier, tolerance]. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"bands"
],
"properties": {
"bands": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"enum": [
"black",
"brown",
"red",
"orange",
"yellow",
"green",
"blue",
"violet",
"grey",
"white",
"gold",
"silver",
"none"
],
"type": "string"
},
"description": "Array of 4 or 5 color band names from left to right. 4-band: [digit1, digit2, multiplier, tolerance]. 5-band: [digit1, digit2, digit3, multiplier, tolerance]."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Converts compensation between annual salary, monthly pay, weekly pay, and hourly wage. Accepts any of the four pay periods as input and derives all others. Uses configurable hours per week (default 40) and weeks per year (default 52). Daily rate assumes an 8-hour workday; monthly is annual divided by 12. Useful for comparing job offers quoted in different pay periods, freelance rate-setting, and budgeting. Chain from sales_tax to see how many hours a purchase costs.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| amount* | number | The salary or wage amount to convert. |
| from_type | string | The pay period of the input amount. Defaults to 'annual'. |
| hours_per_week | number | Hours worked per week. Defaults to 40 for a standard full-time schedule. |
| weeks_per_year | number | Working weeks per year. Defaults to 52. Use 50 to account for 2 weeks unpaid vacation. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"amount"
],
"properties": {
"amount": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The salary or wage amount to convert.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"from_type": {
"enum": [
"annual",
"monthly",
"weekly",
"hourly"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "annual",
"description": "The pay period of the input amount. Defaults to 'annual'."
},
"hours_per_week": {
"type": "number",
"default": 40,
"description": "Hours worked per week. Defaults to 40 for a standard full-time schedule.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"weeks_per_year": {
"type": "number",
"default": 52,
"description": "Working weeks per year. Defaults to 52. Use 50 to account for 2 weeks unpaid vacation.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates total cost including sales tax for a purchase. Given a unit price, tax rate percentage, and optional quantity, computes the subtotal (price times quantity), the tax amount rounded to two decimal places, and the final total. Useful for estimating purchase costs across US states and municipalities with different tax rates, comparing pre-tax and post-tax prices, and budgeting. Chain into salary_to_hourly to see how many work-hours a purchase represents.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| price* | number | Unit price of the item in dollars (or any currency). Must be positive. |
| quantity | integer | Number of items to purchase. Defaults to 1. |
| tax_rate_pct | number | Sales tax rate as a percentage (e.g. 8.875 for 8.875%). Defaults to 0 — enter your local rate. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"price"
],
"properties": {
"price": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Unit price of the item in dollars (or any currency). Must be positive.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"quantity": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 1,
"description": "Number of items to purchase. Defaults to 1.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"tax_rate_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Sales tax rate as a percentage (e.g. 8.875 for 8.875%). Defaults to 0 — enter your local rate."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Convert any number to scientific notation and engineering notation. Returns the coefficient, exponent, a formatted string with Unicode superscripts (e.g. '3.14 × 10²'), and engineering notation where the exponent is a multiple of 3. Useful for expressing very large or very small values compactly, common in physics, electronics (picofarads, gigahertz), and astronomy. Accepts output from sig_figs and log_calc for precision-aware formatting.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| value* | number | The number to convert to scientific notation |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"value"
],
"properties": {
"value": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The number to convert to scientific notation"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Count significant figures in a number and optionally round to N significant figures. Accepts the number as a string to preserve trailing zeros (e.g. '1.200' has 4 sig figs). Applies standard sig fig rules: leading zeros do not count, trailing zeros after a decimal point count, trailing zeros before a decimal point are treated as significant. Also returns the number in scientific notation. Essential for laboratory measurements, error analysis, and maintaining proper precision in chained calculations.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| number_str* | string | The number as a string to preserve trailing zeros (e.g. '1.200') |
| round_to_n | integer | Optionally round the number to this many significant figures |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"number_str"
],
"properties": {
"number_str": {
"type": "string",
"description": "The number as a string to preserve trailing zeros (e.g. '1.200')"
},
"round_to_n": {
"type": "integer",
"description": "Optionally round the number to this many significant figures",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate the slope, y-intercept, line equation, angle, and distance between two points in a 2D Cartesian plane. Given coordinates (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), computes slope (rise/run), y-intercept, the equation in slope-intercept form (y = mx + b), angle in degrees relative to the x-axis, and Euclidean distance. Handles vertical and horizontal lines as special cases. Useful for surveying, civil engineering grade calculations, linear regression visualization, and physics kinematics problems.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| x1* | number | X-coordinate of the first point |
| x2* | number | X-coordinate of the second point |
| y1* | number | Y-coordinate of the first point |
| y2* | number | Y-coordinate of the second point |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"x1",
"y1",
"x2",
"y2"
],
"properties": {
"x1": {
"type": "number",
"description": "X-coordinate of the first point"
},
"x2": {
"type": "number",
"description": "X-coordinate of the second point"
},
"y1": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Y-coordinate of the first point"
},
"y2": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Y-coordinate of the second point"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Computes LoRa link SNR margin by comparing received power against the noise floor and the spreading-factor-dependent demodulation threshold from the Semtech SX1276 datasheet. Calculates receiver noise floor from thermal noise (-174 dBm/Hz), channel bandwidth, and receiver noise figure. Returns margin in dB and a boolean link-OK indicator. Use to validate whether a LoRa or Meshtastic link will reliably decode packets. Accepts rx_power from link_budget tool output for end-to-end chain analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| sf | integer | LoRa spreading factor (7-12). Higher SF tolerates lower SNR. |
| bw_khz | number | LoRa channel bandwidth in kHz. Affects noise floor. |
| rx_power_dbm* | number | Received signal power in dBm (e.g., -110). Typically from a link budget calculation or field measurement. |
| noise_figure_db | number | Receiver noise figure in dB. Typical LoRa radio NF is 6 dB (SX1276). |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"rx_power_dbm"
],
"properties": {
"sf": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 10,
"maximum": 12,
"minimum": 7,
"description": "LoRa spreading factor (7-12). Higher SF tolerates lower SNR."
},
"bw_khz": {
"enum": [
125,
250,
500
],
"type": "number",
"default": 125,
"description": "LoRa channel bandwidth in kHz. Affects noise floor."
},
"rx_power_dbm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Received signal power in dBm (e.g., -110). Typically from a link budget calculation or field measurement."
},
"noise_figure_db": {
"type": "number",
"default": 6,
"description": "Receiver noise figure in dB. Typical LoRa radio NF is 6 dB (SX1276)."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates total daily energy consumption from an appliance list — the critical first step before sizing solar panels or batteries. Enter each appliance with its wattage, hours of daily use, and quantity. Outputs total daily kWh (with configurable safety margin for surge and inrush current), peak simultaneous wattage, and recommended inverter VA rating per NEC 125% continuous load rule. Feeds directly into solar_sizing (daily_kwh) and battery_autonomy (daily_kwh). Essential for residential, RV, cabin, and off-grid system design.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| appliances* | array | List of appliances with wattage, hours per day, and quantity |
| safety_margin_pct | number | Safety margin percentage to account for surge/inrush current, default 20% |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"appliances"
],
"properties": {
"appliances": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"name",
"watts",
"hours_per_day"
],
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Appliance name (e.g. 'Refrigerator', 'LED Light')"
},
"watts": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Power consumption in watts (W)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"quantity": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 1,
"description": "Number of identical units, default 1",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"hours_per_day": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 24,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Average hours of use per day"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"minItems": 1,
"description": "List of appliances with wattage, hours per day, and quantity"
},
"safety_margin_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 20,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Safety margin percentage to account for surge/inrush current, default 20%"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates solar system return on investment, payback period, and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Models year-by-year savings accounting for panel degradation, utility rate inflation, federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC), state rebates, and annual maintenance. Outputs net cost after incentives, payback year, total lifetime savings, ROI percentage, and LCOE in cents/kWh. Essential for residential and commercial solar financial analysis, installer proposals, and comparing solar vs. grid economics over a 25-year system lifetime.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| system_size_kw* | number | System size in kilowatts (kW) |
| federal_itc_pct | number | Federal Investment Tax Credit percentage, default 30% (US ITC) |
| system_cost_usd* | number | Total installed system cost in USD |
| state_rebate_usd | number | State or local rebate amount in USD, default 0 |
| annual_production_kwh* | number | Estimated annual energy production in kWh (from PVWatts or system_size_kw * peak_sun_hours * 365 * 0.80) |
| system_lifetime_years | integer | System lifetime in years, default 25 |
| annual_degradation_pct | number | Annual panel degradation rate, default 0.5% per year |
Sizes an off-grid solar power system by calculating the number of panels and battery bank capacity required for a given daily energy consumption. Accounts for system losses (inverter, wiring, charge controller), battery depth-of-discharge, and autonomy days for cloudy weather. Outputs panel count, total panel wattage, battery capacity in kWh and Ah, and minimum charge controller amperage (with 25% safety margin per NEC 690.8). Supports 12V, 24V, and 48V system architectures. Use for cabin, RV, telecom tower, and remote IoT deployments.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| dod | number | Battery depth of discharge (0-1), default 0.8 for LiFePO4 |
| daily_kwh* | number | Daily energy consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh) |
| panel_watts | number | Rated wattage per solar panel (W) |
| peak_sun_hours | number | Average peak sun hours per day for your location (hours) |
| system_voltage | number | Battery bank system voltage: 12, 24, or 48 V |
| system_efficiency | number | Overall system efficiency (0-1), accounts for inverter, wiring, and controller losses |
| battery_autonomy_days | number | Number of days the battery bank should sustain load without solar input |
Run a SPICE circuit simulation directly in the worker. Accepts a standard SPICE netlist and performs operating-point (.op), DC sweep (.dc), AC frequency sweep (.ac), or transient (.tran) analysis using a built-in modified-nodal-analysis engine with Newton-Raphson nonlinear solving. Supports R, L, C, V, I sources (DC/AC/SIN/PULSE), diodes, BJTs (Ebers-Moll), MOSFETs (Shichman-Hodges level 1), controlled sources (E/G), .param expressions, .subckt/X hierarchical subcircuits, .measure and .four (Fourier/THD), and a built-in parts library (reference 2n3904/2n2222/1n4148/1n5819/2n7000/tl072/lm358/led_red etc. by name and the model is auto-injected), up to 150 components. Returns voltage vectors for all circuit nodes (magnitude + phase for AC). Use spice_template to generate netlists from parameterized templates.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| certify | boolean | If true, attach an a-posteriori existence certificate for the DC operating point (Newton–Kantorovich: proves a true solution exists within a computed radius, or refuses). Adds ~one extra back-solve. |
| netlist* | string | SPICE netlist (ngspice-compatible). Must include at least one analysis command (.ac, .dc, .tran, .op) and end with .end |
| options | object | Additional ngspice .options (e.g. { reltol: 0.001 }) |
| analysis | string | Override analysis type (auto-detected from netlist if omitted) |
| tolerances | object | Component-tolerance box, e.g. {"R1":0.05,"V1":0.02} (fractional). With output_node, returns a certified min/max interval for that node over all component variations. R/V/I elements only. |
Generate a complete SPICE netlist from a parameterized template. Supports common circuit topologies: low-pass RC filter, voltage divider, common emitter amplifier. Returns a ready-to-simulate netlist string that can be passed directly to spice_simulate. Use this when an agent needs to construct a circuit from high-level parameters without writing raw SPICE syntax. Feeds into spice_simulate for AC/DC/transient analysis.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| params* | object | Template-specific parameters (e.g. r_ohms, c_farads, v_source) |
| analysis | string | SPICE analysis type to include in netlist |
| template* | string | Circuit template name |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"template",
"params"
],
"properties": {
"params": {
"type": "object",
"description": "Template-specific parameters (e.g. r_ohms, c_farads, v_source)",
"additionalProperties": {
"type": "number"
}
},
"analysis": {
"enum": [
"ac",
"dc",
"tran"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "ac",
"description": "SPICE analysis type to include in netlist"
},
"template": {
"enum": [
"low_pass_rc",
"voltage_divider",
"common_emitter",
"rc_highpass",
"rlc_bandpass",
"opamp_inverting",
"diode_rectifier",
"wien_bridge"
],
"type": "string",
"description": "Circuit template name"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates area and perimeter for common shapes — rectangle, circle, or triangle — in both imperial and metric units. Returns area in square feet, square meters, and acres, plus perimeter in feet and meters. For rectangles: area = length * width, perimeter = 2*(length + width). For circles: area = pi * r^2, perimeter = 2 * pi * r. For triangles: area = 0.5 * base * height, perimeter approximated as base + height + sqrt(base^2 + height^2). Useful for real estate, flooring, landscaping, and construction estimates.
No arguments.
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {}
}Compute the square root of a non-negative number. Returns the decimal result, whether the input is a perfect square, and a simplified radical form (e.g. '√12' simplifies to '2√3'). For integer inputs, factors are extracted from under the radical sign. Useful for geometry (diagonal/hypotenuse calculations), statistics (standard deviation from variance), signal processing (RMS values), and general algebra. Chain with pythagorean_theorem for triangle side calculations.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| value* | number | The non-negative number to compute the square root of |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"value"
],
"properties": {
"value": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"description": "The non-negative number to compute the square root of"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates optimal solar panel string and MPPT configuration based on panel electrical specs, inverter/charge-controller MPPT limits, and site temperature extremes. Applies temperature coefficients to determine Voc at minimum temperature (cold) and Vmp at maximum temperature (hot), then computes the safe range of panels per string, maximum parallel strings, and total array wattage. Prevents over-voltage damage in winter and under-voltage MPPT dropout in summer. Essential for NEC 690.7 compliant residential and commercial solar design.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| mppt_imax* | number | Maximum MPPT input current in amps |
| mppt_vmax* | number | Maximum MPPT input voltage in volts |
| mppt_vmin* | number | Minimum MPPT start/operating voltage in volts |
| panel_imp* | number | Panel maximum power current (Imp) at STC in amps |
| panel_isc* | number | Panel short circuit current (Isc) at STC in amps |
| panel_vmp* | number | Panel maximum power voltage (Vmp) at STC in volts |
| panel_voc* | number | Panel open circuit voltage (Voc) at STC in volts |
Calculate IPv4 subnet details from CIDR notation. Parses a CIDR block (e.g. 192.168.1.0/24) and returns the network address, broadcast address, subnet mask, wildcard mask, first and last usable host addresses, total and usable host counts, prefix length, and classful IP class (A/B/C/D/E). Essential for homelab network planning, VLAN segmentation, firewall rule design, and understanding address space allocation. Handles special cases for /31 point-to-point links (RFC 3021) and /32 host routes.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| cidr* | string | IPv4 address in CIDR notation, e.g. 192.168.1.0/24 |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"cidr"
],
"properties": {
"cidr": {
"type": "string",
"pattern": "^\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\/\\d{1,2}$",
"description": "IPv4 address in CIDR notation, e.g. 192.168.1.0/24"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate maximum TCP throughput using the Bandwidth-Delay Product (BDP) formula. Given link bandwidth and round-trip latency, computes the BDP (maximum in-flight data), achievable throughput with a given TCP window size, link utilization percentage, and recommended window size for full utilization. Critical for diagnosing slow transfers over high-latency links (WAN, VPN, satellite), tuning TCP buffers, and understanding why a 1Gbps link may only deliver 25Mbps with default 64KB windows. Applies to iperf testing, WAN optimization, and network capacity planning.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| rtt_ms* | number | Round-trip time (latency) in milliseconds |
| mss_bytes | number | Maximum Segment Size in bytes (typically 1460 for Ethernet) |
| bandwidth_mbps* | number | Available link bandwidth in megabits per second |
| window_size_kb | number | TCP receive window size in kilobytes |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"bandwidth_mbps",
"rtt_ms"
],
"properties": {
"rtt_ms": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Round-trip time (latency) in milliseconds",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"mss_bytes": {
"type": "number",
"default": 1460,
"description": "Maximum Segment Size in bytes (typically 1460 for Ethernet)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"bandwidth_mbps": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Available link bandwidth in megabits per second",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"window_size_kb": {
"type": "number",
"default": 64,
"description": "TCP receive window size in kilobytes",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates a test or exam grade from the number of correct answers and total questions. Returns the percentage score, letter grade, points missed, and GPA points. Supports US grading (A/B/C/D/F with 4.0 GPA scale), UK grading (First/2:1/2:2/Third/Fail), and percentage-only mode. US thresholds: A>=90, B>=80, C>=70, D>=60, F<60. UK thresholds: First>=70, 2:1>=60, 2:2>=50, Third>=40, Fail<40. Useful for students checking scores and teachers computing class statistics.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| total* | integer | Total number of questions on the test. Must be a positive integer. |
| correct* | integer | Number of questions answered correctly. Must be a non-negative integer. |
| grading_scale | string | Grading scale to use. 'us' for A-F letter grades, 'uk' for First/2:1/2:2/Third/Fail, 'percentage_only' for just the percentage. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"correct",
"total"
],
"properties": {
"total": {
"type": "integer",
"description": "Total number of questions on the test. Must be a positive integer.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"correct": {
"type": "integer",
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Number of questions answered correctly. Must be a non-negative integer."
},
"grading_scale": {
"enum": [
"us",
"uk",
"percentage_only"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "us",
"description": "Grading scale to use. 'us' for A-F letter grades, 'uk' for First/2:1/2:2/Third/Fail, 'percentage_only' for just the percentage."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Estimate steady-state thermal behaviour of a rectangular enclosure (server rack, electronics housing, equipment cabinet) using a lumped-parameter energy balance with natural-convection and radiation correlations, or forced-flow air energy balance. Accepts enclosure dimensions, heat source positions and wattages, and airflow configuration. Returns temperature extremes, estimated hotspot location, airflow velocity summary, and overall thermal resistance. Runs instantly in-worker; a full CFD container backend is planned for mesh-level detail.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| width_m* | number | Enclosure width (Y) in metres |
| height_m* | number | Enclosure height (Z) in metres |
| length_m* | number | Enclosure length (X) in metres |
| flow_type* | string | Airflow type |
| heat_sources* | array | Heat sources inside the enclosure |
| mesh_density | string | Mesh density — coarse (~50K cells), medium (~200K), fine (~500K) |
| ambient_temp_c | number | Ambient air temperature in Celsius |
| inlet_position |
Calculates timing parameters for the ubiquitous NE555 / LM555 timer IC in astable (free-running oscillator) and monostable (one-shot pulse) modes. In astable mode, computes frequency, period, duty cycle, and HIGH/LOW durations from R1, R2, and C using f = 1.44 / ((R1 + 2·R2) · C). In monostable mode, computes pulse width from R and C using t = 1.1 · R · C. Standard 555 astable duty cycle is always >50%; for 50% duty cycle use a diode across R2. Useful for generating clock signals, PWM, delays, and debounce circuits. Chain from ohms_law for power calculations or resistor_color_code for component selection.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| mode* | string | Operating mode. 'astable' produces a continuous square wave. 'monostable' produces a single timed pulse. |
| r1_ohm* | number | Resistance R1 in ohms. In astable mode this is the charge-path resistor between Vcc and the discharge pin. In monostable mode this is the timing resistor. |
| r2_ohm | number | Resistance R2 in ohms (astable mode only). Charge/discharge resistor between the discharge and threshold pins. Required for astable mode. |
| c_farad* | number | Timing capacitor in farads. Typical values range from 1 pF to 1000 µF. Use scientific notation, e.g. 1e-6 for 1 µF. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"mode",
"r1_ohm",
"c_farad"
],
"properties": {
"mode": {
"enum": [
"astable",
"monostable"
],
"type": "string",
"description": "Operating mode. 'astable' produces a continuous square wave. 'monostable' produces a single timed pulse."
},
"r1_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Resistance R1 in ohms. In astable mode this is the charge-path resistor between Vcc and the discharge pin. In monostable mode this is the timing resistor.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"r2_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Resistance R2 in ohms (astable mode only). Charge/discharge resistor between the discharge and threshold pins. Required for astable mode.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"c_farad": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Timing capacitor in farads. Typical values range from 1 pF to 1000 µF. Use scientific notation, e.g. 1e-6 for 1 µF.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Convert between Unix timestamps and human-readable date/time formats. Accepts Unix epoch (in seconds or milliseconds), ISO 8601 strings, or 'now' for the current time. Returns both Unix seconds and milliseconds, ISO 8601 UTC string, date and time components, day of the week, relative time description ('2 hours ago'), and past/future indicator. Auto-detects whether a numeric input is seconds or milliseconds based on magnitude. Essential for debugging logs, API timestamps, cron scheduling, and time zone conversions.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| value* | string | A timestamp to convert. Accepts Unix epoch (seconds or milliseconds), ISO 8601 string (e.g. '2024-01-15T10:30:00Z'), or 'now' for the current time. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"value"
],
"properties": {
"value": {
"type": "string",
"description": "A timestamp to convert. Accepts Unix epoch (seconds or milliseconds), ISO 8601 string (e.g. '2024-01-15T10:30:00Z'), or 'now' for the current time."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate tip and split a restaurant bill among multiple people. Given a bill amount, tip percentage, and number of diners, returns the tip amount, total with tip, per-person share, and effective tip percentage. Supports rounding up to the nearest whole number for convenience. Defaults to 18% tip for 1 person. Currency-agnostic — works with any monetary unit.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| split | integer | Number of people splitting the bill. Defaults to 1 (no split). |
| tip_pct | number | Tip percentage. Common values: 15 (standard), 18 (good), 20 (great), 25 (excellent). Defaults to 18%. |
| round_up | boolean | Round the total up to the nearest whole number. Defaults to false. |
| bill_amount* | number | Total bill amount before tip (any currency). |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"bill_amount"
],
"properties": {
"split": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 1,
"maximum": 100,
"description": "Number of people splitting the bill. Defaults to 1 (no split).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"tip_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 18,
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Tip percentage. Common values: 15 (standard), 18 (good), 20 (great), 25 (excellent). Defaults to 18%."
},
"round_up": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": false,
"description": "Round the total up to the nearest whole number. Defaults to false."
},
"bill_amount": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total bill amount before tip (any currency).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates the minimum PCB trace width for a given current using the IPC-2221 standard formula. The IPC-2221 empirical equation relates current capacity to cross-sectional area and temperature rise: I = k * dT^0.44 * A^0.725, where k=0.048 for external layers and k=0.024 for internal layers. Supports configurable copper weight (oz/ft^2) and temperature rise. Also computes approximate DC resistance per centimeter. Essential for power delivery, high-current motor drivers, and ensuring PCB reliability. Chain from voltage_divider or impedance_match to verify trace sizing for computed currents.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| layer | string | PCB layer type. External layers dissipate heat better (k=0.048); internal layers use k=0.024. |
| copper_oz | number | Copper weight in ounces per square foot. 1 oz/ft^2 = 1.37 mil (34.8 um) thickness. Common values: 0.5, 1, 2. |
| temp_rise_c | number | Allowable temperature rise above ambient in degrees Celsius. IPC-2221 standard uses 10, 20, or 30 C. |
| current_amps* | number | Required current capacity in amperes (A). |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"current_amps"
],
"properties": {
"layer": {
"enum": [
"external",
"internal"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "external",
"description": "PCB layer type. External layers dissipate heat better (k=0.048); internal layers use k=0.024."
},
"copper_oz": {
"type": "number",
"default": 1,
"description": "Copper weight in ounces per square foot. 1 oz/ft^2 = 1.37 mil (34.8 um) thickness. Common values: 0.5, 1, 2.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"temp_rise_c": {
"type": "number",
"default": 10,
"description": "Allowable temperature rise above ambient in degrees Celsius. IPC-2221 standard uses 10, 20, or 30 C.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"current_amps": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Required current capacity in amperes (A).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Convert between units across 10 categories: length (m, km, mi, ft, in, yd, nmi), mass (kg, lb, oz, g, ton), volume (l, gal, ml, cup, fl_oz), area (m2, ft2, acre, hectare), speed (mps, kph, mph, knot), pressure (pa, psi, bar, atm, mmhg), energy (j, kwh, btu, cal, wh), data (b, kb, mb, gb, tb), time (s, ms, min, hr, day, year), and temperature (c, f, k). Accepts any value with source and target unit abbreviations. Returns the converted result with the formula used.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| to* | string | Target unit abbreviation (e.g., 'mi', 'kg', 'c', 'bar', 'btu'). Case-insensitive. |
| from* | string | Source unit abbreviation (e.g., 'km', 'lb', 'f', 'psi', 'kwh'). Case-insensitive. |
| value* | number | The numeric value to convert. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"value",
"from",
"to"
],
"properties": {
"to": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Target unit abbreviation (e.g., 'mi', 'kg', 'c', 'bar', 'btu'). Case-insensitive."
},
"from": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Source unit abbreviation (e.g., 'km', 'lb', 'f', 'psi', 'kwh'). Case-insensitive."
},
"value": {
"type": "number",
"description": "The numeric value to convert."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Estimates UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) backup runtime from battery specifications and connected load. Takes VA rating, watt rating, load in watts, and battery configuration (count, voltage, amp-hours) to compute effective stored energy after efficiency losses and runtime in minutes and hours. Detects overload conditions when load exceeds the UPS watt rating. Calculates power factor from VA/W ratings. Ideal for server rack planning, homelab power budgeting, network closet UPS selection, and graceful shutdown timer configuration.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| va_rating* | number | UPS VA (volt-ampere) rating |
| battery_ah | number | Capacity per battery in amp-hours (Ah) |
| efficiency | number | Inverter/conversion efficiency (0-1), default 0.9 |
| load_watts* | number | Connected load in watts |
| watt_rating* | number | UPS real power (watt) rating |
| battery_count | integer | Number of batteries in the UPS |
| battery_voltage | number | Voltage per battery (V) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"va_rating",
"watt_rating",
"load_watts"
],
"properties": {
"va_rating": {
"type": "number",
"description": "UPS VA (volt-ampere) rating",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"battery_ah": {
"type": "number",
"default": 9,
"description": "Capacity per battery in amp-hours (Ah)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"efficiency": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.9,
"maximum": 1,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Inverter/conversion efficiency (0-1), default 0.9"
},
"load_watts": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Connected load in watts",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"watt_rating": {
"type": "number",
"description": "UPS real power (watt) rating",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"battery_count": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 1,
"description": "Number of batteries in the UPS",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"battery_voltage": {
"type": "number",
"default": 12,
"description": "Voltage per battery (V)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates output voltage, current draw, and power dissipation for a resistive voltage divider. Given an input voltage Vin and two resistor values R1 (upper) and R2 (lower), computes Vout = Vin * R2 / (R1 + R2), divider current, individual resistor power dissipation, and the division ratio. Essential for biasing circuits, level shifting, ADC input scaling, and feedback networks. Use before trace_width to size traces for divider current, or chain from a power supply output to verify signal levels.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| vin* | number | Input voltage in volts (V). Must be positive. |
| r1_ohm* | number | Upper resistor value in ohms (R1), connected between Vin and Vout node. |
| r2_ohm* | number | Lower resistor value in ohms (R2), connected between Vout node and ground. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"vin",
"r1_ohm",
"r2_ohm"
],
"properties": {
"vin": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Input voltage in volts (V). Must be positive.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"r1_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Upper resistor value in ohms (R1), connected between Vin and Vout node.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"r2_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Lower resistor value in ohms (R2), connected between Vout node and ground.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculates voltage drop across a conductor run given current, wire length, AWG gauge, system voltage, and conductor material (copper or aluminum). Computes round-trip resistance, voltage drop in volts and percent, voltage at the load end, power dissipated in the wire, and NEC compliance flags (3% max for branch circuits, 5% max for feeders). Use this after wire_gauge to verify a specific gauge meets requirements, or to evaluate an existing installation. Critical for solar panel string wiring, EV charger circuits, low-voltage lighting, and any long DC or AC cable run where resistive losses matter.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| conductor | string | Conductor material: copper or aluminum |
| voltage_v* | number | System voltage (V) |
| current_amps* | number | Load current in amperes (A) |
| wire_length_m* | number | One-way wire length in meters |
| wire_gauge_awg* | number | Wire gauge in AWG (e.g. 14, 12, 10; use negative for large gauges: -3 = 4/0) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"current_amps",
"wire_length_m",
"wire_gauge_awg",
"voltage_v"
],
"properties": {
"conductor": {
"enum": [
"copper",
"aluminum"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "copper",
"description": "Conductor material: copper or aluminum"
},
"voltage_v": {
"type": "number",
"description": "System voltage (V)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"current_amps": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Load current in amperes (A)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"wire_length_m": {
"type": "number",
"description": "One-way wire length in meters",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"wire_gauge_awg": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Wire gauge in AWG (e.g. 14, 12, 10; use negative for large gauges: -3 = 4/0)"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Convert between VSWR, return loss, and reflection coefficient — provide any one parameter and get all related impedance-mismatch metrics. Computes VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio), return loss in dB, reflection coefficient (gamma), mismatch loss, and percentage of power reflected vs transmitted. Essential for antenna matching, transmission line analysis, and RF system budgeting. Feeds into link_budget for system-level mismatch accounting.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| vswr | number | Voltage standing wave ratio (>= 1.0, where 1.0 is perfect match) |
| return_loss_db | number | Return loss in decibels (positive value, higher is better match) |
| reflection_coefficient | number | Reflection coefficient magnitude (gamma), 0 to 1 |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"vswr": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Voltage standing wave ratio (>= 1.0, where 1.0 is perfect match)"
},
"return_loss_db": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Return loss in decibels (positive value, higher is better match)"
},
"reflection_coefficient": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 1,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Reflection coefficient magnitude (gamma), 0 to 1"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Converts electrical power in watts to current in amps (and milliamps) for a given voltage, using the DC power formula P = V * I. Also computes the implied load resistance via Ohm's law (R = V / I) assuming a purely resistive load. This is the most common electrical conversion for circuit design, fuse selection, wire sizing, and breaker rating. Use the output amps value to feed into wire_gauge for conductor sizing or voltage_drop for cable loss analysis. Covers DC circuits; for AC with power factor, adjust watts to true power first.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| watts* | number | Power in watts (W) |
| voltage_v* | number | Voltage in volts (V) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"watts",
"voltage_v"
],
"properties": {
"watts": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Power in watts (W)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"voltage_v": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Voltage in volts (V)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Convert between radio frequency and wavelength. Provide either frequency in MHz or wavelength in metres, and get the full set of equivalent values: frequency in MHz and GHz, wavelength in metres, centimetres, millimetres, and feet. Essential for antenna dimensioning, waveguide selection, and quick band identification. The fundamental relationship is lambda = c / f where c is the speed of light (299 792 458 m/s).
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| freq_mhz | number | Frequency in megahertz (MHz) |
| wavelength_m | number | Wavelength in metres |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"freq_mhz": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Frequency in megahertz (MHz)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"wavelength_m": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Wavelength in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Determine minimum wire gauge using NEC Table 310.16 ampacity ratings with full derating. Looks up base ampacity for copper or aluminum conductors at 60°C, 75°C, or 90°C insulation rating, then applies NEC 310.15(C)(1) ambient temperature correction and NEC 310.15(C)(2) conductor count adjustment. Automatically applies the 125% continuous load factor per NEC 210.20(A) when flagged. Returns the minimum AWG that meets the derated requirement, plus a comparison table of all gauges. Different from wire_gauge which focuses on voltage drop — use both together for complete wire sizing. Essential for residential panels, commercial feeders, solar arrays, and EV charging installations.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| conductor | string | Conductor material. Copper has higher ampacity; aluminum is lighter and cheaper for large feeders. |
| insulation | string | Insulation temperature rating in °C. 60=TW/UF-B, 75=THW/THWN/XHHW (most common), 90=THHN/THWN-2. |
| current_amps* | number | Required circuit current in amperes. Use 125% of continuous load per NEC 210.20(A). |
| ambient_temp_c | number | Ambient temperature in °C. NEC base is 30°C. Higher temps require derating. Typical: 30 (indoor), 40 (attic/hot), 45+ (rooftop conduit). |
| continuous_load | boolean | Whether the load operates continuously (3+ hours). NEC requires 125% sizing for continuous loads. Set false for intermittent loads. |
| conductors_in_raceway |
Determines the minimum AWG (American Wire Gauge) conductor size for a given current, voltage, one-way cable distance, and maximum allowable voltage drop percentage. Supports copper and aluminum conductors. Computes round-trip resistance, actual voltage drop in volts and percent, and wire cross-sectional area. Essential for DC solar runs, battery bank wiring, EV charging circuits, and low-voltage landscape lighting. NEC recommends 3% max drop for branch circuits and 5% total including feeder. Outputs the smallest AWG that satisfies the drop constraint.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| voltage* | number | System voltage (V) |
| conductor | string | Conductor material: copper or aluminum |
| distance_m* | number | One-way conductor distance in meters |
| current_amps* | number | Load current in amperes (A) |
| max_drop_pct | number | Maximum allowable voltage drop as percentage (default 3%) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"current_amps",
"voltage",
"distance_m"
],
"properties": {
"voltage": {
"type": "number",
"description": "System voltage (V)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"conductor": {
"enum": [
"copper",
"aluminum"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "copper",
"description": "Conductor material: copper or aluminum"
},
"distance_m": {
"type": "number",
"description": "One-way conductor distance in meters",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"current_amps": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Load current in amperes (A)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"max_drop_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 3,
"description": "Maximum allowable voltage drop as percentage (default 3%)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate the optimal MTU for a WireGuard VPN tunnel interface with a detailed overhead breakdown. Accounts for WireGuard header (32 bytes), outer IP header (20 bytes IPv4 or 40 bytes IPv6), UDP header (8 bytes), and optional PPPoE encapsulation (8 bytes). Prevents fragmentation and PMTUD black holes by computing the maximum inner packet size that fits within the physical link MTU. Essential for WireGuard setup on residential ISP connections (PPPoE), IPv6 tunnels, and any VPN where incorrect MTU causes slow or stalled connections.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ipv6 | boolean | Whether the outer (transport) IP header uses IPv6 (40 bytes) instead of IPv4 (20 bytes) |
| over_pppoe | boolean | Whether the link uses PPPoE encapsulation (adds 8 bytes of overhead) |
| interface_mtu | integer | MTU of the underlying physical or virtual network interface in bytes |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"ipv6": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": false,
"description": "Whether the outer (transport) IP header uses IPv6 (40 bytes) instead of IPv4 (20 bytes)"
},
"over_pppoe": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": false,
"description": "Whether the link uses PPPoE encapsulation (adds 8 bytes of overhead)"
},
"interface_mtu": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 1500,
"description": "MTU of the underlying physical or virtual network interface in bytes",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate usable ZFS pool capacity for any RAID level including stripe, mirror, raidz1, raidz2, and raidz3. Computes raw capacity, parity overhead, data disk count, usable terabytes after ZFS metadata overhead (checksums, block pointers, uberblocks), and storage efficiency percentage. Essential for planning NAS builds, TrueNAS/ZFS server storage, and estimating how much usable space a given disk configuration will provide. Supports variable disk sizes and configurable metadata overhead.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| raid_type | string | ZFS RAID level: stripe (no redundancy), mirror (2-way), raidz1/2/3 (single/double/triple parity) |
| disk_count* | integer | Total number of physical disks in the pool |
| disk_size_tb* | number | Size of each individual disk in terabytes |
| record_size_kb | number | ZFS record size in kilobytes, affects compression and performance |
| metadata_overhead_pct | number | Percentage of raw capacity consumed by ZFS metadata, checksums, and internal structures |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"disk_count",
"disk_size_tb"
],
"properties": {
"raid_type": {
"enum": [
"stripe",
"mirror",
"raidz1",
"raidz2",
"raidz3"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "raidz1",
"description": "ZFS RAID level: stripe (no redundancy), mirror (2-way), raidz1/2/3 (single/double/triple parity)"
},
"disk_count": {
"type": "integer",
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Total number of physical disks in the pool"
},
"disk_size_tb": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Size of each individual disk in terabytes",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"record_size_kb": {
"type": "number",
"default": 128,
"description": "ZFS record size in kilobytes, affects compression and performance",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"metadata_overhead_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 3.2,
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Percentage of raw capacity consumed by ZFS metadata, checksums, and internal structures"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Calculate recommended RAM and ARC sizing for a ZFS storage pool based on workload type, pool size, deduplication status, and L2ARC cache size. Computes minimum and recommended RAM in gigabytes, ARC target size, and dedup table overhead. Accounts for workload-specific IO patterns: NAS (sequential, 1GB/TB), database (random, 2GB/TB), virtualization (mixed, 1.5GB/TB). Deduplication adds approximately 5GB per TB for the DDT. L2ARC index requires 1GB RAM per 10GB of L2ARC. Essential for TrueNAS, FreeNAS, and custom ZFS server builds.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| workload | string | Primary workload type: general (mixed), nas (sequential reads/writes), database (random IO), virtualization (mixed random) |
| pool_size_tb* | number | Total usable pool size in terabytes |
| dedup_enabled | boolean | Whether ZFS deduplication is enabled (significantly increases RAM requirements) |
| l2arc_size_gb | number | Size of L2ARC (read cache SSD) in gigabytes; requires additional RAM for index |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"pool_size_tb"
],
"properties": {
"workload": {
"enum": [
"general",
"nas",
"database",
"virtualization"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "general",
"description": "Primary workload type: general (mixed), nas (sequential reads/writes), database (random IO), virtualization (mixed random)"
},
"pool_size_tb": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total usable pool size in terabytes",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"dedup_enabled": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": false,
"description": "Whether ZFS deduplication is enabled (significantly increases RAM requirements)"
},
"l2arc_size_gb": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Size of L2ARC (read cache SSD) in gigabytes; requires additional RAM for index"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| room_length_ft | number | Room length in feet |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"total_watts"
],
"properties": {
"insulation": {
"enum": [
"poor",
"average",
"good",
"excellent"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "average",
"description": "Wall/ceiling insulation quality: poor (uninsulated garage), average (standard drywall), good (insulated interior), excellent (server room with vapor barrier)"
},
"total_watts": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total power consumption in watts — all power becomes heat",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"sun_exposure": {
"enum": [
"none",
"partial",
"full"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "partial",
"description": "Solar heat gain: none (interior/basement room), partial (one exterior wall with window), full (multiple sun-facing windows)"
},
"room_width_ft": {
"type": "number",
"default": 10,
"description": "Room width in feet",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"target_temp_f": {
"type": "number",
"default": 72,
"description": "Desired room temperature in degrees Fahrenheit"
},
"ambient_temp_f": {
"type": "number",
"default": 75,
"description": "Ambient temperature outside the room in degrees Fahrenheit"
},
"room_height_ft": {
"type": "number",
"default": 8,
"description": "Room ceiling height in feet",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"room_length_ft": {
"type": "number",
"default": 10,
"description": "Room length in feet",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| Generator fuel consumption in gallons per hour at load, default 1.0 |
| generator_fuel_cost_per_gallon | number | Fuel cost per gallon in USD, default $3.50 |
| generator_maintenance_per_1000hrs | number | Generator maintenance cost per 1000 running hours in USD, default $200 |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"solar_system_cost_usd",
"solar_daily_kwh_produced",
"daily_kwh_needed"
],
"properties": {
"battery_kwh": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Battery storage capacity in kWh (0 means no battery, generator needed at night), default 0"
},
"daily_kwh_needed": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total daily energy requirement in kWh",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"years_to_compare": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 10,
"maximum": 30,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Number of years to compare, default 10"
},
"solar_system_cost_usd": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total solar+battery system cost in USD",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"generator_hours_per_day": {
"type": "number",
"default": 8,
"maximum": 24,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Generator runtime hours per day, default 8"
},
"solar_daily_kwh_produced": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Daily solar energy production in kWh",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"generator_consumption_gph": {
"type": "number",
"default": 1,
"description": "Generator fuel consumption in gallons per hour at load, default 1.0",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"generator_fuel_cost_per_gallon": {
"type": "number",
"default": 3.5,
"description": "Fuel cost per gallon in USD, default $3.50",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"generator_maintenance_per_1000hrs": {
"type": "number",
"default": 200,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Generator maintenance cost per 1000 running hours in USD, default $200"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| Ambient air temperature in Celsius |
| fin_thickness_m* | number | Fin thickness in metres |
| airflow_velocity_ms* | number | Incoming airflow velocity in m/s |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"base_length_m",
"base_width_m",
"base_height_m",
"fin_count",
"fin_height_m",
"fin_thickness_m",
"airflow_velocity_ms",
"heat_load_w"
],
"properties": {
"fin_count": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 2,
"description": "Number of fins"
},
"heat_load_w": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total heat load applied to base in watts",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"base_width_m": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 0.5,
"description": "Heatsink base width in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"fin_height_m": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 0.2,
"description": "Fin height in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"mesh_density": {
"enum": [
"coarse",
"medium",
"fine"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "medium",
"description": "Mesh density"
},
"base_height_m": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 0.05,
"description": "Base plate thickness in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"base_length_m": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 0.5,
"description": "Heatsink base length in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"ambient_temp_c": {
"type": "number",
"default": 25,
"description": "Ambient air temperature in Celsius"
},
"fin_thickness_m": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 0.01,
"description": "Fin thickness in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"airflow_velocity_ms": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 20,
"description": "Incoming airflow velocity in m/s",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| continuous_watts* |
| number |
| Total continuous load in watts. Sum of all appliances that may run simultaneously. Chain from solar_load_audit.peak_watts. |
| largest_load_watts | number | Wattage of the single largest appliance. Used to estimate surge if surge_watts is not provided. Chain from solar_load_audit.largest_load_watts. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"continuous_watts"
],
"properties": {
"efficiency": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.9,
"maximum": 1,
"minimum": 0.5,
"description": "Inverter efficiency (0.5-1.0). Good pure-sine inverters are 0.90-0.95. Modified-sine are 0.85-0.90. Budget units may be lower."
},
"surge_watts": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Peak surge/starting load in watts. Motors and compressors draw 3-7x rated watts on startup. If omitted, estimated as 3x the largest single load or 2x continuous, whichever is greater.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"derating_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 20,
"maximum": 50,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Derating percentage for temperature, altitude, and safety margin. NEC recommends 20% (80% continuous rating). Range 0-50%."
},
"power_factor": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.8,
"maximum": 1,
"minimum": 0.5,
"description": "Power factor (0.5-1.0). Resistive loads (heaters, lights) are ~1.0. Motor loads (fridge, AC, pump) are 0.6-0.8. Mixed loads typically 0.8."
},
"system_voltage": {
"enum": [
"12",
"24",
"48"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "48",
"description": "DC system voltage. 12V for small/mobile, 24V for medium, 48V for large residential/commercial. Higher voltage = lower current = thinner cables."
},
"continuous_watts": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total continuous load in watts. Sum of all appliances that may run simultaneously. Chain from solar_load_audit.peak_watts.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"largest_load_watts": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Wattage of the single largest appliance. Used to estimate surge if surge_watts is not provided. Chain from solar_load_audit.largest_load_watts.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| low_data_rate_optimize |
| boolean |
| Enable low data rate optimization. Auto-calculated if omitted: enabled for SF >= 11 at BW 125 kHz. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"payload_bytes"
],
"properties": {
"cr": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 5,
"maximum": 8,
"minimum": 5,
"description": "LoRa coding rate denominator (5-8). Represents 4/5 through 4/8 FEC ratio."
},
"sf": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 10,
"maximum": 12,
"minimum": 7,
"description": "LoRa spreading factor (7-12). Higher SF = longer range but slower data rate."
},
"crc": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": true,
"description": "Whether CRC is appended to payload. Recommended true for reliability."
},
"bw_khz": {
"enum": [
125,
250,
500
],
"type": "number",
"default": 125,
"description": "LoRa channel bandwidth in kHz. Common values: 125, 250, or 500."
},
"payload_bytes": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 255,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Application payload size in bytes (0-255)."
},
"explicit_header": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": true,
"description": "Whether to use explicit header mode. True for LoRaWAN; false for implicit header."
},
"preamble_symbols": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 8,
"maximum": 65535,
"minimum": 6,
"description": "Number of preamble symbols. LoRaWAN uses 8; raw LoRa may vary."
},
"low_data_rate_optimize": {
"type": "boolean",
"description": "Enable low data rate optimization. Auto-calculated if omitted: enabled for SF >= 11 at BW 125 kHz."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| Maximum payload size in bytes for airtime calculation. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"target_range_km"
],
"properties": {
"region": {
"enum": [
"US915",
"EU868",
"AU915",
"AS923"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "US915",
"description": "Regulatory region. Determines max TX power and duty cycle limit."
},
"terrain": {
"enum": [
"open",
"suburban",
"urban",
"dense_urban",
"indoor"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "suburban",
"description": "Terrain type for path loss model. open: line-of-sight, suburban: light buildings, urban: moderate buildings, dense_urban: city center, indoor: inside buildings."
},
"priority": {
"enum": [
"range",
"speed",
"battery",
"balanced"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "balanced",
"description": "Optimization priority. range: maximize distance (high SF, low BW). speed: minimize airtime (low SF, high BW). battery: minimize power draw. balanced: best trade-off across all factors."
},
"target_range_km": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Desired communication range in kilometers.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"antenna_gain_dbi": {
"type": "number",
"default": 2.15,
"description": "Antenna gain in dBi. 2.15 = half-wave dipole reference."
},
"max_payload_bytes": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 200,
"maximum": 255,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Maximum payload size in bytes for airtime calculation."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"tx_dbm": {
"type": "number",
"default": 20,
"description": "Transmit power in dBm. Typical LoRa: 14-30 dBm depending on region and module."
},
"terrain": {
"enum": [
"open",
"suburban",
"urban",
"dense_urban",
"indoor"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "suburban",
"description": "Terrain type for path loss correction. open: line-of-sight, suburban: light buildings, urban: moderate buildings, dense_urban: city center, indoor: inside buildings."
},
"freq_mhz": {
"type": "number",
"default": 915,
"description": "Carrier frequency in MHz. Common: 868 (EU), 915 (US/AU), 433 (Asia)."
},
"rx_gain_dbi": {
"type": "number",
"default": 2.15,
"description": "Receive antenna gain in dBi. 2.15 dBi = half-wave dipole."
},
"tx_gain_dbi": {
"type": "number",
"default": 2.15,
"description": "Transmit antenna gain in dBi. 2.15 dBi = half-wave dipole."
},
"rx_sensitivity_dbm": {
"type": "number",
"default": -130,
"description": "Receiver sensitivity in dBm. Typical LoRa SF10/BW125: -130 dBm. Varies by SF and bandwidth."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| bluetooth_enabled | boolean | Whether Bluetooth is enabled for phone connection. |
| messages_per_hour | number | Expected messages sent and received per hour. Includes both TX and RX message events. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"role": {
"enum": [
"client",
"router",
"repeater",
"client_muted"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "client",
"description": "Meshtastic node role. client: sleeps between events. router: always listening. repeater: always listening, no display/BLE. client_muted: aggressive sleep."
},
"device": {
"enum": [
"heltec_v3",
"rak_wisblock",
"tbeam",
"tbeam_supreme",
"station_g2",
"custom"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "heltec_v3",
"description": "Meshtastic hardware device. Selects power consumption profile for sleep, RX, TX, GPS, and BLE."
},
"battery_mah": {
"type": "number",
"default": 3000,
"description": "Battery capacity in milliamp-hours. Common: 1100 (18650 min), 3000 (typical), 6000 (large).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"gps_enabled": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": false,
"description": "Whether GPS is enabled. Significantly increases power draw on devices with built-in GPS."
},
"channel_preset": {
"enum": [
"long_fast",
"long_moderate",
"long_slow",
"very_long_slow",
"medium_fast",
"medium_slow",
"short_fast",
"short_slow"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "long_fast",
"description": "Meshtastic channel preset. Affects TX airtime per message and thus power consumption."
},
"battery_voltage": {
"type": "number",
"default": 3.7,
"description": "Nominal battery voltage. 3.7V for single-cell LiPo/Li-ion, 7.4V for 2S packs.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"bluetooth_enabled": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": true,
"description": "Whether Bluetooth is enabled for phone connection."
},
"messages_per_hour": {
"type": "number",
"default": 2,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Expected messages sent and received per hour. Includes both TX and RX message events."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| channel_preset |
| string |
| Meshtastic firmware channel preset. Selects spreading factor, bandwidth, and coding rate. long_fast is the default; very_long_slow maximizes range at the cost of throughput. |
| antenna_gain_dbi | number | Override device default antenna gain in dBi. Useful for aftermarket antennas. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"cr": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 8,
"minimum": 5,
"description": "Custom coding rate denominator (5-8). Only used when channel_preset is 'custom'."
},
"sf": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 12,
"minimum": 7,
"description": "Custom spreading factor (7-12). Only used when channel_preset is 'custom'."
},
"bw_khz": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Custom bandwidth in kHz. Only used when channel_preset is 'custom'."
},
"device": {
"enum": [
"heltec_v3",
"rak_wisblock",
"tbeam",
"tbeam_supreme",
"station_g2",
"custom"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "heltec_v3",
"description": "Meshtastic hardware device. Selects default TX power, antenna gain, and noise figure. Use 'custom' to override all radio parameters manually."
},
"terrain": {
"enum": [
"open",
"suburban",
"urban",
"dense_urban",
"indoor"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "suburban",
"description": "Terrain type for path loss correction. open: line-of-sight, suburban: light buildings, urban: moderate buildings, dense_urban: city center, indoor: inside buildings."
},
"tx_power_dbm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Override device default transmit power in dBm."
},
"channel_preset": {
"enum": [
"long_fast",
"long_moderate",
"long_slow",
"very_long_slow",
"medium_fast",
"medium_slow",
"short_fast",
"short_slow",
"custom"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "long_fast",
"description": "Meshtastic firmware channel preset. Selects spreading factor, bandwidth, and coding rate. long_fast is the default; very_long_slow maximizes range at the cost of throughput."
},
"antenna_gain_dbi": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Override device default antenna gain in dBi. Useful for aftermarket antennas."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"topology",
"rf_ohm",
"ri_ohm"
],
"properties": {
"vin_v": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Input voltage in volts (optional). When provided, computes actual output voltage. For differential topology, this is V1 (non-inverting input)."
},
"rf_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Feedback resistor Rf in ohms. Sets gain magnitude in all topologies.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"ri_ohm": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Input/gain resistor in ohms. For inverting: input resistor Ri. For non-inverting: ground resistor Rg. For differential: input resistor on both channels.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"vin2_v": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Second input voltage in volts (differential topology only). This is V2 (inverting input)."
},
"topology": {
"enum": [
"inverting",
"non_inverting",
"differential"
],
"type": "string",
"description": "Op-amp circuit topology. 'inverting' uses Rf/Ri feedback with input to inverting terminal. 'non_inverting' applies input to non-inverting terminal with Rf/Rg feedback. 'differential' amplifies the voltage difference between two inputs."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| trace_width_mm | number | Routing trace width in mm |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"netlist"
],
"properties": {
"board": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"w",
"h"
],
"properties": {
"h": {
"type": "number"
},
"w": {
"type": "number"
}
},
"description": "Optional board size in mm; auto-sized if omitted",
"additionalProperties": false
},
"gerber": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": false,
"description": "Also return Gerber RS-274X + Excellon drill files"
},
"netlist": {
"type": "string",
"minLength": 5,
"description": "SPICE netlist (same format as spice_simulate). Components + nets are extracted; .model/.tran/etc. ignored."
},
"gnd_pour": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": false,
"description": "Treat GND as a bottom-layer pour (unions all GND pads for ERC)"
},
"placement": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"ref",
"x",
"y"
],
"properties": {
"x": {
"type": "number",
"description": "X position of component center in mm"
},
"y": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Y position in mm"
},
"ref": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Component reference (e.g. 'Q1')"
},
"rot": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Rotation in degrees (0/90/180/270)"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"description": "Optional manual placement; omit for connectivity-aware auto-placement (best of N seeds)."
},
"clearance_mm": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.2,
"description": "Minimum copper clearance in mm"
},
"trace_width_mm": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.25,
"description": "Routing trace width in mm"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"properties": {
"temp_rise_c": {
"type": "number",
"default": 10,
"description": "Allowable temperature rise above ambient in degrees Celsius. IPC-2221 standard uses 10, 20, or 30 C.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"target_current_a": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Optional target current in amperes. When provided, calculates how many parallel vias are needed to carry this current safely.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"drill_diameter_mm": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.3,
"description": "Via drill hole diameter in millimeters. Common values: 0.2 (microvia), 0.3 (standard), 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"board_thickness_mm": {
"type": "number",
"default": 1.6,
"description": "Total PCB board thickness in millimeters. Standard 2-layer is 1.6 mm. Common values: 0.8, 1.0, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"plating_thickness_um": {
"type": "number",
"default": 25,
"description": "Copper plating thickness on the via barrel wall in micrometers. Standard is 25 um (IPC Class 2). Heavy plating is 50 um (IPC Class 3).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| Primary switching or clock frequency of the IC in MHz. Determines the target impedance frequency range. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"supply_current_ma",
"supply_voltage_v"
],
"properties": {
"num_ics": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 1,
"description": "Number of identical ICs sharing this supply rail. Scales the total current demand.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"esr_mohm": {
"type": "number",
"default": 10,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the ceramic bypass capacitor in milliohms. Typical MLCC: 5-20 mohm."
},
"max_ripple_mv": {
"type": "number",
"default": 50,
"description": "Maximum allowable supply ripple in millivolts (mV). Typical: 50 mV for digital, 10 mV for analog/RF.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"supply_voltage_v": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Supply voltage in volts (V). Common values: 1.8, 2.5, 3.3, 5.0, 12.0.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"supply_current_ma": {
"type": "number",
"description": "IC supply current draw in milliamps (mA). Use the maximum or typical from the datasheet.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"switching_freq_mhz": {
"type": "number",
"default": 1,
"description": "Primary switching or clock frequency of the IC in MHz. Determines the target impedance frequency range.",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| annual_maintenance_usd | number | Annual maintenance cost in USD, default $100 |
| electricity_rate_cents | number | Current electricity rate in cents per kWh, default 15 |
| annual_rate_increase_pct | number | Annual utility rate increase percentage, default 3% |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"system_cost_usd",
"system_size_kw",
"annual_production_kwh"
],
"properties": {
"system_size_kw": {
"type": "number",
"description": "System size in kilowatts (kW)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"federal_itc_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 30,
"maximum": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Federal Investment Tax Credit percentage, default 30% (US ITC)"
},
"system_cost_usd": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Total installed system cost in USD",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"state_rebate_usd": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "State or local rebate amount in USD, default 0"
},
"annual_production_kwh": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Estimated annual energy production in kWh (from PVWatts or system_size_kw * peak_sun_hours * 365 * 0.80)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"system_lifetime_years": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 25,
"maximum": 50,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "System lifetime in years, default 25"
},
"annual_degradation_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.5,
"maximum": 5,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Annual panel degradation rate, default 0.5% per year"
},
"annual_maintenance_usd": {
"type": "number",
"default": 100,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Annual maintenance cost in USD, default $100"
},
"electricity_rate_cents": {
"type": "number",
"default": 15,
"description": "Current electricity rate in cents per kWh, default 15",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"annual_rate_increase_pct": {
"type": "number",
"default": 3,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Annual utility rate increase percentage, default 3%"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"daily_kwh"
],
"properties": {
"dod": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.8,
"maximum": 1,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Battery depth of discharge (0-1), default 0.8 for LiFePO4"
},
"daily_kwh": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Daily energy consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"panel_watts": {
"type": "number",
"default": 400,
"description": "Rated wattage per solar panel (W)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"peak_sun_hours": {
"type": "number",
"default": 5,
"description": "Average peak sun hours per day for your location (hours)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"system_voltage": {
"enum": [
12,
24,
48
],
"type": "number",
"default": 48,
"description": "Battery bank system voltage: 12, 24, or 48 V"
},
"system_efficiency": {
"type": "number",
"default": 0.85,
"maximum": 1,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Overall system efficiency (0-1), accounts for inverter, wiring, and controller losses"
},
"battery_autonomy_days": {
"type": "number",
"default": 2,
"description": "Number of days the battery bank should sustain load without solar input",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| output_node | string | Node whose voltage is certified over the tolerance box (required with tolerances). |
| temperature_c | number | Simulation temperature in Celsius |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"netlist"
],
"properties": {
"certify": {
"type": "boolean",
"description": "If true, attach an a-posteriori existence certificate for the DC operating point (Newton–Kantorovich: proves a true solution exists within a computed radius, or refuses). Adds ~one extra back-solve."
},
"netlist": {
"type": "string",
"minLength": 10,
"description": "SPICE netlist (ngspice-compatible). Must include at least one analysis command (.ac, .dc, .tran, .op) and end with .end"
},
"options": {
"type": "object",
"description": "Additional ngspice .options (e.g. { reltol: 0.001 })",
"additionalProperties": {
"type": [
"string",
"number",
"boolean"
]
}
},
"analysis": {
"enum": [
"ac",
"dc",
"tran",
"op"
],
"type": "string",
"description": "Override analysis type (auto-detected from netlist if omitted)"
},
"tolerances": {
"type": "object",
"description": "Component-tolerance box, e.g. {\"R1\":0.05,\"V1\":0.02} (fractional). With output_node, returns a certified min/max interval for that node over all component variations. R/V/I elements only.",
"additionalProperties": {
"type": "number"
}
},
"output_node": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Node whose voltage is certified over the tolerance box (required with tolerances)."
},
"temperature_c": {
"type": "number",
"default": 27,
"description": "Simulation temperature in Celsius"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| temp_max_c | number | Maximum expected cell temperature in Celsius, default 60 |
| temp_min_c | number | Minimum expected site temperature in Celsius, default -10 |
| temp_coeff_voc_pct_per_c | number | Voc temperature coefficient in %/C (negative for silicon), default -0.30 |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"panel_voc",
"panel_vmp",
"panel_isc",
"panel_imp",
"mppt_vmax",
"mppt_vmin",
"mppt_imax"
],
"properties": {
"mppt_imax": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Maximum MPPT input current in amps",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"mppt_vmax": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Maximum MPPT input voltage in volts",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"mppt_vmin": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Minimum MPPT start/operating voltage in volts",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"panel_imp": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Panel maximum power current (Imp) at STC in amps",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"panel_isc": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Panel short circuit current (Isc) at STC in amps",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"panel_vmp": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Panel maximum power voltage (Vmp) at STC in volts",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"panel_voc": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Panel open circuit voltage (Voc) at STC in volts",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"temp_max_c": {
"type": "number",
"default": 60,
"description": "Maximum expected cell temperature in Celsius, default 60"
},
"temp_min_c": {
"type": "number",
"default": -10,
"description": "Minimum expected site temperature in Celsius, default -10"
},
"temp_coeff_voc_pct_per_c": {
"type": "number",
"default": -0.3,
"description": "Voc temperature coefficient in %/C (negative for silicon), default -0.30"
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| string |
| Inlet location |
| outlet_position | string | Outlet location |
| inlet_velocity_ms | number | Inlet air velocity in m/s (required for forced flow) |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"length_m",
"width_m",
"height_m",
"heat_sources",
"flow_type"
],
"properties": {
"width_m": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 2,
"description": "Enclosure width (Y) in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"height_m": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 2,
"description": "Enclosure height (Z) in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"length_m": {
"type": "number",
"maximum": 2,
"description": "Enclosure length (X) in metres",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"flow_type": {
"enum": [
"natural_convection",
"forced"
],
"type": "string",
"description": "Airflow type"
},
"heat_sources": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"x_m",
"y_m",
"z_m",
"watts"
],
"properties": {
"x_m": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"description": "X position in metres from enclosure origin"
},
"y_m": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Y position in metres"
},
"z_m": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Z position in metres"
},
"label": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Optional label (e.g. 'CPU', 'PSU')"
},
"watts": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Heat dissipation in watts",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"minItems": 1,
"description": "Heat sources inside the enclosure"
},
"mesh_density": {
"enum": [
"coarse",
"medium",
"fine"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "medium",
"description": "Mesh density — coarse (~50K cells), medium (~200K), fine (~500K)"
},
"ambient_temp_c": {
"type": "number",
"default": 25,
"description": "Ambient air temperature in Celsius"
},
"inlet_position": {
"enum": [
"front_bottom",
"front_center",
"side_bottom"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "front_bottom",
"description": "Inlet location"
},
"outlet_position": {
"enum": [
"rear_top",
"rear_center",
"top_rear"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "rear_top",
"description": "Outlet location"
},
"inlet_velocity_ms": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Inlet air velocity in m/s (required for forced flow)",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| integer |
| Number of current-carrying conductors in a single raceway or cable. More than 3 requires derating per NEC 310.15(C)(2). |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"current_amps"
],
"properties": {
"conductor": {
"enum": [
"copper",
"aluminum"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "copper",
"description": "Conductor material. Copper has higher ampacity; aluminum is lighter and cheaper for large feeders."
},
"insulation": {
"enum": [
"60",
"75",
"90"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "75",
"description": "Insulation temperature rating in °C. 60=TW/UF-B, 75=THW/THWN/XHHW (most common), 90=THHN/THWN-2."
},
"current_amps": {
"type": "number",
"description": "Required circuit current in amperes. Use 125% of continuous load per NEC 210.20(A).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
},
"ambient_temp_c": {
"type": "number",
"default": 30,
"description": "Ambient temperature in °C. NEC base is 30°C. Higher temps require derating. Typical: 30 (indoor), 40 (attic/hot), 45+ (rooftop conduit)."
},
"continuous_load": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": true,
"description": "Whether the load operates continuously (3+ hours). NEC requires 125% sizing for continuous loads. Set false for intermittent loads."
},
"conductors_in_raceway": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 3,
"description": "Number of current-carrying conductors in a single raceway or cable. More than 3 requires derating per NEC 310.15(C)(2).",
"exclusiveMinimum": 0
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}