Verifies AI-written references; finds real papers, evidence, datasets and research tools; PRISMA.
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Check DOIs for retractions, expressions of concern and corrections, using Crossref (which includes Retraction Watch data). Status per DOI: retracted, concern, corrected, other_notice, no_notice (nothing on record), not_in_crossref, invalid_doi, rate_limited or lookup_failed (the DOI could not be checked, which is not a clean result). Works for a single paper or a whole reference list. verify_references already includes this check, so use this tool for DOIs that have not just been through verify_references. A DOI the same caller checked in the last hour is answered again at no cost to the allowance.
DOIs, bare (10.1000/xyz) or as https://doi.org/ links.
Check DOIs for retractions, expressions of concern and corrections, using Crossref (which includes Retraction Watch data). Status per DOI: retracted, concern, corrected, other_notice, no_notice (nothing on record), not_in_crossref, invalid_doi, rate_limited or lookup_failed (the DOI could not be checked, which is not a clean result). Works for a single paper or a whole reference list. verify_references already includes this check, so use this tool for DOIs that have not just been through verify_references. A DOI the same caller checked in the last hour is answered again at no cost to the allowance.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| dois* | array | DOIs, bare (10.1000/xyz) or as https://doi.org/ links. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"dois"
],
"properties": {
"dois": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 300,
"minLength": 1
},
"maxItems": 50,
"minItems": 1,
"description": "DOIs, bare (10.1000/xyz) or as https://doi.org/ links."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Find open scientific datasets (and optionally models) that fit a research question, check their licences, verify the source papers (DOI, retractions, corrections), and return a citable Research Data Brief with a public share link. Searches DataCite (Zenodo, Figshare, Dryad and other data repositories), the Hugging Face Hub boosted by the Hugging Science curated index, and, for life-science questions, NCBI GEO, CZ CELLxGENE Discover (curated single-cell data) and the CZ CryoET Data Portal (cryo-electron tomography). Each result has a match level, a plain-language licence verdict, the source paper and whether it checks out, a citation for the data, and a line of code to load it. Every identifier comes from the repositories' own metadata; nothing is generated. The `why` field lists the facts behind the match: explain the fit to the user in your own words from those facts, and say plainly when the brief is empty. Pass `keywords` with English search words when the question is long or not in English. Licence verdicts come from repository metadata and are not legal advice.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| domain | string | Field of the question. Life-science domains also search NCBI GEO. |
| keywords | string | English search keywords (e.g. "triple negative breast cancer RNA-seq"). Recommended. |
| question* | string | The research question in natural language (e.g. "gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer"). |
| max_results | integer | Number of results, 1–5. |
| intended_use | string | What the data is for. `commercial` demotes anything its licence does not clear for commercial use. |
| citation_style | string | Style for the ready-made citations. |
| include_models | boolean | Also look for pretrained models on Hugging Face. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"question"
],
"properties": {
"domain": {
"enum": [
"genomics",
"biology",
"medicine",
"chemistry",
"physics",
"earth_science",
"materials",
"engineering",
"other"
],
"type": "string",
"description": "Field of the question. Life-science domains also search NCBI GEO."
},
"keywords": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 200,
"description": "English search keywords (e.g. \"triple negative breast cancer RNA-seq\"). Recommended."
},
"question": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 1000,
"minLength": 3,
"description": "The research question in natural language (e.g. \"gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer\")."
},
"max_results": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 3,
"maximum": 5,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Number of results, 1–5."
},
"intended_use": {
"enum": [
"thesis",
"publication",
"commercial",
"teaching"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "publication",
"description": "What the data is for. `commercial` demotes anything its licence does not clear for commercial use."
},
"citation_style": {
"enum": [
"apa",
"mla",
"chicago",
"harvard",
"vancouver",
"ieee",
"ama"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "apa",
"description": "Style for the ready-made citations."
},
"include_models": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": false,
"description": "Also look for pretrained models on Hugging Face."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Find the strongest published evidence for and against a scientific or medical claim. Searches PubMed (including a pass limited to guidelines, meta-analyses, systematic reviews and randomized trials) and OpenAlex, and returns real papers, each with a PMID or DOI, ordered by level of evidence: guideline, meta-analysis, systematic review, RCT, other trial, observational study, narrative review, case report, then study protocols that have not reported results yet. Each paper comes with the conclusion copied verbatim from its abstract, so you can judge for yourself whether it supports the claim, contradicts it, or does not address it, and quote the sentence you rely on. The tool does not judge stance and does not summarise: count a paper as support or contradiction only when its conclusion says so. Pass `query` with English search keywords when the claim is long or not in English. Retracted papers and correction notices are left out. Preprints are included and marked (not peer reviewed).
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| claim* | string | The claim to check, as a sentence (e.g. "Drinking coffee reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes"). |
| query | string | English search keywords for the claim (e.g. "coffee consumption type 2 diabetes risk"). Recommended. |
| year_to | integer | Latest publication year, inclusive. |
| year_from | integer | Earliest publication year, inclusive. |
| max_results | integer | Number of papers, 1–25. |
Find research software for a task from the bio.tools registry (ELIXIR), check each tool's licence, verify the paper behind it (DOI, retractions, corrections), label whether it is still maintained, and give the install line. Describe the task (e.g. "cluster single-cell RNA-seq data") and optionally the file format the data is in (e.g. H5AD, FASTQ, VCF); tools that list that format as an input are favoured. Each result has a match level, a plain-language licence verdict, the paper and whether it checks out, a maintenance label (active, idle, stale, archived) read from the linked GitHub repository, and an install line built from a PyPI, Bioconda, Bioconductor, CRAN or GitHub link the registry lists. Every identifier and command comes from the registry's own records; nothing is generated. The `why` field lists the facts behind the match: explain the fit in your own words from those facts, and say plainly when no tool matched. Pass `keywords` with English words when the task is long or not in English. Licence verdicts come from registry and repository metadata and are not legal advice.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| keywords | string | English search keywords (e.g. "single-cell clustering"). Recommended. |
| question* | string | The task in natural language (e.g. "cluster single-cell RNA-seq data"). |
| max_results | integer | Number of results, 1–5. |
| input_format | string | The file format the data is in (e.g. "H5AD", "FASTQ", "VCF"). Tools that read it are favoured. |
| intended_use |
Format references in a citation style (APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago author-date, Harvard, Vancouver, IEEE, AMA) or export them as BibTeX, RIS or CSL-JSON. By default every reference is first verified against Crossref, PubMed and OpenAlex, and verified references are formatted from the database record, so wrong years, pages or author names in the input are corrected. References that could not be verified are formatted exactly as written and flagged in `entries[].warnings`. Returns the bibliography and, for text and html output, the matching in-text citation for each reference.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| style | string | Citation style: apa (APA 7), mla (MLA 9), chicago (Chicago author-date), harvard (Harvard), vancouver (Vancouver), ieee (IEEE), ama (AMA). Ignored for bibtex/ris/csl-json output. |
| output | string | text (plain bibliography), html, bibtex, ris or csl-json. |
| verify | boolean | Verify each reference before formatting (recommended). When false, references are formatted exactly as given, without corrections. |
| references* | string | References in any form: a pasted list in any style, BibTeX, RIS, CSL-JSON, or DOIs one per line. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"references"
],
"properties": {
"style": {
"enum": [
"apa",
"mla",
"chicago",
"harvard",
"vancouver",
"ieee",
"ama"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "apa",
"description": "Citation style: apa (APA 7), mla (MLA 9), chicago (Chicago author-date), harvard (Harvard), vancouver (Vancouver), ieee (IEEE), ama (AMA). Ignored for bibtex/ris/csl-json output."
},
"output": {
"enum": [
"text",
"html",
"bibtex",
"ris",
"csl-json"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "text",
"description": "text (plain bibliography), html, bibtex, ris or csl-json."
},
"verify": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": true,
"description": "Verify each reference before formatting (recommended). When false, references are formatted exactly as given, without corrections."
},
"references": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 100000,
"minLength": 1,
"description": "References in any form: a pasted list in any style, BibTeX, RIS, CSL-JSON, or DOIs one per line."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Draw a PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for a new systematic review from the record counts, as a PNG image plus an SVG and download links. Give the counts you have; screened, sought, assessed and reports-included boxes that follow from others are filled in and marked as derived. Studies included is never derived. The tool checks that the numbers add up (records identified minus removed equals screened, and so on) and returns a warning naming each box that does not, with the value it should have. The diagram always shows the numbers exactly as given. Add `otherMethods` counts to draw the second column (websites, organisations, citation searching).
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| counts* | object | |
| footnotes | boolean | Print the template footnotes and source attribution. |
| other_methods_column | boolean | Force the other-methods column on or off. Default: drawn when otherMethods counts are given. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"counts"
],
"properties": {
"counts": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"databases": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 100000000,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Records identified from databases, all databases together, before duplicates are removed. Leave out when databaseSources is given: it is their sum."
},
"registers": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Records identified from trial registers (ClinicalTrials.gov, ICTRP…), before duplicates are removed."
},
"otherMethods": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"sources": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databaseSources/items"
},
"maxItems": 30
},
"websites": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases"
},
"organisations": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases"
},
"reportsSought": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases"
},
"reportsAssessed": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases"
},
"reportsExcluded": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases"
},
"citationSearching": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases"
},
"reportsNotRetrieved": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases"
},
"reportsExcludedReasons": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databaseSources/items"
},
"maxItems": 30
}
},
"description": "Counts for the \"identification via other methods\" column.",
"additionalProperties": false
},
"otherRemoved": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Records removed for other reasons before screening."
},
"reportsSought": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Full-text reports sought for retrieval. Derived when left out: screened minus excluded."
},
"databaseSources": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"name",
"n"
],
"properties": {
"n": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases"
},
"name": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 160,
"minLength": 1
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"maxItems": 30,
"description": "Per-database counts before deduplication, e.g. [{\"name\":\"MEDLINE\",\"n\":812}]. If databases is also given, the two are compared."
},
"recordsExcluded": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Records excluded at title and abstract screening (not reports excluded at full text)."
},
"recordsScreened": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Records screened on title and abstract. Derived when left out: identified minus removed before screening."
},
"registerSources": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databaseSources/items"
},
"maxItems": 30
},
"reportsAssessed": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Full-text reports assessed for eligibility. Derived when left out: sought minus not retrieved."
},
"reportsExcluded": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Total full-text reports excluded. If reasons are also given, their sum is compared with it."
},
"reportsIncluded": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Reports of included studies. Derived when left out: assessed minus excluded (both columns when otherMethods is drawn)."
},
"studiesIncluded": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Studies included in the review. Never derived: one study can have several reports, so give it. It cannot exceed reportsIncluded."
},
"duplicatesRemoved": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Duplicate records removed before screening."
},
"reportsNotRetrieved": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Reports that could not be retrieved."
},
"automationIneligible": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databases",
"description": "Records marked ineligible by automation tools."
},
"reportsExcludedReasons": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"$ref": "#/properties/counts/properties/databaseSources/items"
},
"maxItems": 30,
"description": "Full-text reports excluded, one entry per reason, e.g. [{\"name\":\"Wrong population\",\"n\":12}]."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"footnotes": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": true,
"description": "Print the template footnotes and source attribution."
},
"other_methods_column": {
"type": "boolean",
"description": "Force the other-methods column on or off. Default: drawn when otherMethods counts are given."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Turn the screening decisions of a systematic review into its PRISMA 2020 counts, flow diagram and screening log. Give one row per record: its title/abstract decision (include or exclude), its full-text decision for records that passed (include, exclude or not_retrieved), and the reason for each exclusion. Every box from "records screened" down is counted from the rows, so the diagram always matches the decisions; full-text exclusions are grouped by reason. Returns the diagram (PNG, SVG, links), the counts, a CSV of every decision for the review appendix, and the problems a reviewer would catch: full-text exclusions without a reason, records still waiting for a full-text decision, and duplicate ids. Add the identification counts (records from databases, duplicates removed) to complete the top of the diagram. At most 5000 records per call.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| records* | array | |
| footnotes | boolean | Print the template footnotes and source attribution. |
| identification | object | Counts before screening, for the top of the diagram. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"records"
],
"properties": {
"records": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"id",
"screening"
],
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 300,
"minLength": 1,
"description": "DOI, PMID or another id the reviewer recognises."
},
"title": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 500
},
"reason": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 200,
"description": "Why the record was excluded, e.g. \"Wrong population\"."
},
"full_text": {
"enum": [
"include",
"exclude",
"not_retrieved"
],
"type": "string",
"description": "Full-text decision, for records included at screening. Leave out while it is still pending."
},
"screening": {
"enum": [
"include",
"exclude"
],
"type": "string",
"description": "Title/abstract screening decision."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"maxItems": 5000,
"minItems": 1
},
"footnotes": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": true,
"description": "Print the template footnotes and source attribution."
},
"identification": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"databases": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 100000000,
"minimum": 0,
"description": "Records identified from databases (total)."
},
"registers": {
"$ref": "#/properties/identification/properties/databases"
},
"otherRemoved": {
"$ref": "#/properties/identification/properties/databases"
},
"databaseSources": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"name",
"n"
],
"properties": {
"n": {
"$ref": "#/properties/identification/properties/databases"
},
"name": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 160,
"minLength": 1
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"maxItems": 30,
"description": "Per-database counts, e.g. [{\"name\":\"MEDLINE\",\"n\":812}]."
},
"registerSources": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"$ref": "#/properties/identification/properties/databaseSources/items"
},
"maxItems": 30
},
"duplicatesRemoved": {
"$ref": "#/properties/identification/properties/databases"
},
"automationIneligible": {
"$ref": "#/properties/identification/properties/databases"
}
},
"description": "Counts before screening, for the top of the diagram.",
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}Search PubMed and OpenAlex for real papers. Every result carries a DOI or PubMed ID that resolves, so nothing returned can be fabricated. Finds sources for a claim or a topic. Filters: publication year range, open-access only, study types, and the number of results. Retracted papers are left out by default. Preprints are included and marked `preprint: true` (not peer reviewed). Results are ranked by the databases' relevance, alternating between the two sources.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| query* | string | What to look for, in English keywords (e.g. "sepsis early antibiotics mortality"). |
| year_to | integer | Latest publication year, inclusive. |
| year_from | integer | Earliest publication year, inclusive. |
| max_results | integer | Number of results, 1–50. |
| study_types | array | Study designs. Known ids use database filters: rct, clinical-trial, systematic-review, meta-analysis, review, guideline, cohort, case-control, case-report, observational. Any other text is added as keywords. |
| open_access_only | boolean | Only papers with a free, legal full text. |
| include_retracted | boolean |
Check every reference in a list against Crossref, PubMed and OpenAlex and report, for each one, whether the paper really exists and whether the details are right. Works on lists written by a person or generated by an AI model. Input: a pasted reference list in any common style (APA, Vancouver, numbered, mixed), BibTeX, RIS, CSL-JSON, or one DOI per line. Each reference gets exactly one status: verified, verified_with_corrections (real paper, some details wrong; corrected metadata included), likely_fabricated (no such paper exists), not_found (could not be confirmed either way), retracted, or ambiguous (several papers fit). likely_fabricated, not_found and ambiguous mean the reference could not be confirmed as a real paper; retracted means the paper exists but has been withdrawn. Retractions, expressions of concern and corrections are already checked here, so there is no need to call check_retractions on the same references afterwards. At most 50 references per call.
| Argument | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| references* | string | The reference list exactly as written: any citation style, BibTeX, RIS, CSL-JSON, or DOIs one per line. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"references"
],
"properties": {
"references": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 100000,
"minLength": 1,
"description": "The reference list exactly as written: any citation style, BibTeX, RIS, CSL-JSON, or DOIs one per line."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| include_preprints | boolean | Keep preprints (marked as not peer reviewed). |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"claim"
],
"properties": {
"claim": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 1000,
"minLength": 3,
"description": "The claim to check, as a sentence (e.g. \"Drinking coffee reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes\")."
},
"query": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 300,
"description": "English search keywords for the claim (e.g. \"coffee consumption type 2 diabetes risk\"). Recommended."
},
"year_to": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 2100,
"minimum": 1800,
"description": "Latest publication year, inclusive."
},
"year_from": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 2100,
"minimum": 1800,
"description": "Earliest publication year, inclusive."
},
"max_results": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 15,
"maximum": 25,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Number of papers, 1–25."
},
"include_preprints": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": true,
"description": "Keep preprints (marked as not peer reviewed)."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| string |
| What the software is for. `commercial` demotes anything its licence does not clear. |
| citation_style | string | Style for the ready-made paper citations. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"question"
],
"properties": {
"keywords": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 200,
"description": "English search keywords (e.g. \"single-cell clustering\"). Recommended."
},
"question": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 1000,
"minLength": 3,
"description": "The task in natural language (e.g. \"cluster single-cell RNA-seq data\")."
},
"max_results": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 3,
"maximum": 5,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Number of results, 1–5."
},
"input_format": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 30,
"description": "The file format the data is in (e.g. \"H5AD\", \"FASTQ\", \"VCF\"). Tools that read it are favoured."
},
"intended_use": {
"enum": [
"thesis",
"publication",
"commercial",
"teaching"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "publication",
"description": "What the software is for. `commercial` demotes anything its licence does not clear."
},
"citation_style": {
"enum": [
"apa",
"mla",
"chicago",
"harvard",
"vancouver",
"ieee",
"ama"
],
"type": "string",
"default": "apa",
"description": "Style for the ready-made paper citations."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}| Keep retracted papers (flagged) instead of leaving them out. |
{
"type": "object",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
"required": [
"query"
],
"properties": {
"query": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 500,
"minLength": 2,
"description": "What to look for, in English keywords (e.g. \"sepsis early antibiotics mortality\")."
},
"year_to": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 2100,
"minimum": 1800,
"description": "Latest publication year, inclusive."
},
"year_from": {
"type": "integer",
"maximum": 2100,
"minimum": 1800,
"description": "Earliest publication year, inclusive."
},
"max_results": {
"type": "integer",
"default": 10,
"maximum": 50,
"minimum": 1,
"description": "Number of results, 1–50."
},
"study_types": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 60
},
"maxItems": 5,
"description": "Study designs. Known ids use database filters: rct, clinical-trial, systematic-review, meta-analysis, review, guideline, cohort, case-control, case-report, observational. Any other text is added as keywords."
},
"open_access_only": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": false,
"description": "Only papers with a free, legal full text."
},
"include_retracted": {
"type": "boolean",
"default": false,
"description": "Keep retracted papers (flagged) instead of leaving them out."
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}