401k.loans: 401(k) loan and withdrawal calculators

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401(k) loan true cost, loan vs. withdrawal vs. personal loan vs. HELOC, early withdrawal tax.

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calculate_401k_early_withdrawal Read-only

Runs the 401k.loans early withdrawal calculator for a cash-out or hardship withdrawal: amount taken out (or the gross needed to net a target), income tax at your marginal rates, the 10% additional tax, what you keep, what the plan withholds up front (20% mandatory, or 10% default for hardship), the check amount, and the balance due or refund at filing.

amountnumber, required

Dollar amount, e.g. 20000. See mode.

modestring

"gross" = amount is what you take out of the plan; "net" = amount is what you need in hand after tax. Default gross.

hardshipboolean

true for a hardship withdrawal (10% default withholding instead of the 20% that applies to most other withdrawals). Default false.

state_tax_pctnumber

State income tax rate in percent, 0 to 15. Default 0.

federal_bracket_pctinteger

2026 federal income tax bracket in percent (Rev. Proc. 2025-32): 10, 12, 22, 24, 32, 35 or 37.

additional_10pct_tax_appliesboolean

true if you are under 59.5 and no exception applies, so the 10% additional tax is due. Default true.

Tools (3)

calculate_401k_early_withdrawal

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
mode	string	"gross" = amount is what you take out of the plan; "net" = amount is what you need in hand after tax. Default gross.
amount*	number	Dollar amount, e.g. 20000. See mode.
hardship	boolean	true for a hardship withdrawal (10% default withholding instead of the 20% that applies to most other withdrawals). Default false.
state_tax_pct	number	State income tax rate in percent, 0 to 15. Default 0.
federal_bracket_pct	integer	2026 federal income tax bracket in percent (Rev. Proc. 2025-32): 10, 12, 22, 24, 32, 35 or 37.
additional_10pct_tax_applies	boolean	true if you are under 59.5 and no exception applies, so the 10% additional tax is due. Default true.

Input schema (JSON)

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "amount"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "mode": {
      "enum": [
        "gross",
        "net"
      ],
      "type": "string",
      "default": "gross",
      "description": "\"gross\" = amount is what you take out of the plan; \"net\" = amount is what you need in hand after tax. Default gross."
    },
    "amount": {
      "type": "number",
      "maximum": 100000000,
      "minimum": 1,
      "description": "Dollar amount, e.g. 20000. See mode."
    },
    "hardship": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "default": false,
      "description": "true for a hardship withdrawal (10% default withholding instead of the 20% that applies to most other withdrawals). Default false."
    },
    "state_tax_pct": {
      "type": "number",
      "default": 0,
      "maximum": 15,
      "minimum": 0,
      "description": "State income tax rate in percent, 0 to 15. Default 0."
    },
    "federal_bracket_pct": {
      "enum": [
        10,
        12,
        22,
        24,
        32,
        35,
        37
      ],
      "type": "integer",
      "default": 22,
      "description": "2026 federal income tax bracket in percent (Rev. Proc. 2025-32): 10, 12, 22, 24, 32, 35 or 37."
    },
    "additional_10pct_tax_applies": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "default": true,
      "description": "true if you are under 59.5 and no exception applies, so the 10% additional tax is due. Default true."
    }
  },
  "additionalProperties": false
}

calculate_401k_loan_cost

Runs the 401k.loans true-cost calculator: payment per paycheck and number of payments, total repaid and interest, pre-tax pay needed per payment, tax later on the interest, the 401(k) balance at payoff with and without the loan (growth gap) and that gap at 65, the legal and usual plan borrowing limits, and, if you might leave the job, the balance owed then plus the tax and 10% additional tax if it is not repaid or rolled over.

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
age	number	Your age today, 18 to 80. Default 40.
years	integer	Years to repay: 1 to 5, or 10 or 15 for a loan to buy your main home. Default 5.
loan_amount*	number	Amount to borrow in dollars, e.g. 15000.
pay_frequency	string	How often you are paid (one loan payment per paycheck). Default biweekly.
plan_rate_pct	number	Plan loan interest rate in percent, 0 to 20. Default: the prime rate plus 1 point, as an example; the real rate is on your plan's loan paperwork.
state_tax_pct	number	State income tax rate in percent, 0 to 15. Default 0.
vested_balance*

compare_401k_loan_alternatives

Prices four ways to raise the same cash with the 401k.loans comparison tool: 401(k) loan, hardship withdrawal (grossed up for tax and the 10% additional tax), personal loan (rate plus origination fee) and HELOC. For each: amount taken out, monthly payment, money gone for good (interest to others, fees, tax, penalty), interest paid back to yourself, how much smaller the 401(k) is at term end and at 65, and whether it is allowed.

read-only

Argument	Type	Description
age	number	Your age today, 18 to 80. Default 40.
years	integer	Years to pay back, 1 to 5. Default 3.
cash_needed*	number	Cash you need in hand, in dollars, e.g. 10000.
plan_loan_fee	number	Flat 401(k) loan fee in dollars. Default 0.
plan_rate_pct	number	401(k) plan loan rate in percent, 0 to 20. Default: the prime rate plus 1 point, as an example.
state_tax_pct	number	State income tax rate in percent, 0 to 15. Default 0.
heloc_rate_pct	number	HELOC rate in percent, 0 to 20. Default: the prime rate alone, before the margin a lender adds.

{ "type": "object", "required": [ "vested_balance", "loan_amount" ], "properties": { "age": { "type": "number", "default": 40, "maximum": 80, "minimum": 18, "description": "Your age today, 18 to 80. Default 40." }, "years": { "enum": [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15 ], "type": "integer", "default": 5, "description": "Years to repay: 1 to 5, or 10 or 15 for a loan to buy your main home. Default 5." }, "loan_amount": { "type": "number", "maximum": 100000000, "minimum": 1, "description": "Amount to borrow in dollars, e.g. 15000." }, "pay_frequency": { "enum": [ "weekly", "biweekly", "semimonthly", "monthly" ], "type": "string", "default": "biweekly", "description": "How often you are paid (one loan payment per paycheck). Default biweekly." }, "plan_rate_pct": { "type": "number", "maximum": 20, "minimum": 0, "description": "Plan loan interest rate in percent, 0 to 20. Default: the prime rate plus 1 point, as an example; the real rate is on your plan's loan paperwork." }, "state_tax_pct": { "type": "number", "default": 0, "maximum": 15, "minimum": 0, "description": "State income tax rate in percent, 0 to 15. Default 0." }, "vested_balance": { "type": "number", "maximum": 100000000, "minimum": 1, "description": "Vested 401(k) balance in dollars, e.g. 60000." }, "assumed_return_pct": { "type": "number", "default": 6, "maximum": 20, "minimum": -20, "description": "Annual return you assume the 401(k) would earn, in percent (-20 to 20). An assumption, not a forecast. Default 6." }, "federal_bracket_pct": { "enum": [ 10, 12, 22, 24, 32, 35, 37 ], "type": "integer", "default": 22, "description": "2026 federal income tax bracket in percent (Rev. Proc. 2025-32): 10, 12, 22, 24, 32, 35 or 37." }, "leave_job_after_months": { "enum": [ 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 ], "type": "integer", "default": 24, "description": "Model leaving the job after this many months (0 = do not model it). Default 24, as on the page." }, "lost_match_per_paycheck": { "type": "number", "default": 0, "maximum": 100000, "minimum": 0, "description": "Employer match you would lose with them, dollars per paycheck. Default 0." }, "paused_contribution_per_paycheck": { "type": "number", "default": 0, "maximum": 100000, "minimum": 0, "description": "Your own 401(k) contributions you would stop while repaying, dollars per paycheck. Default 0." } }, "additionalProperties": false }

{ "type": "object", "required": [ "cash_needed", "vested_balance" ], "properties": { "age": { "type": "number", "default": 40, "maximum": 80, "minimum": 18, "description": "Your age today, 18 to 80. Default 40." }, "years": { "enum": [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ], "type": "integer", "default": 3, "description": "Years to pay back, 1 to 5. Default 3." }, "cash_needed": { "type": "number", "maximum": 100000000, "minimum": 1, "description": "Cash you need in hand, in dollars, e.g. 10000." }, "plan_loan_fee": { "type": "number", "default": 0, "maximum": 10000, "minimum": 0, "description": "Flat 401(k) loan fee in dollars. Default 0." }, "plan_rate_pct": { "type": "number", "maximum": 20, "minimum": 0, "description": "401(k) plan loan rate in percent, 0 to 20. Default: the prime rate plus 1 point, as an example." }, "state_tax_pct": { "type": "number", "default": 0, "maximum": 15, "minimum": 0, "description": "State income tax rate in percent, 0 to 15. Default 0." }, "heloc_rate_pct": { "type": "number", "maximum": 20, "minimum": 0, "description": "HELOC rate in percent, 0 to 20. Default: the prime rate alone, before the margin a lender adds." }, "vested_balance": { "type": "number", "maximum": 100000000, "minimum": 0, "description": "Vested 401(k) balance in dollars, e.g. 60000." }, "penalty_exception": { "type": "boolean", "default": false, "description": "true if an exception to the 10% early withdrawal tax applies (for example, you left this employer in or after the year you turned 55). The 10% is never applied at 59.5 or older. Default false." }, "assumed_return_pct": { "type": "number", "default": 6, "maximum": 20, "minimum": -20, "description": "Annual return you assume the 401(k) would earn, in percent (-20 to 20). An assumption, not a forecast. Default 6." }, "federal_bracket_pct": { "enum": [ 10, 12, 22, 24, 32, 35, 37 ], "type": "integer", "default": 22, "description": "2026 federal income tax bracket in percent (Rev. Proc. 2025-32): 10, 12, 22, 24, 32, 35 or 37." }, "heloc_closing_costs": { "type": "number", "default": 0, "maximum": 100000, "minimum": 0, "description": "HELOC closing costs in dollars. Default 0." }, "origination_fee_pct": { "type": "number", "default": 0, "maximum": 12, "minimum": 0, "description": "Personal loan origination fee in percent of the loan, 0 to 12. Default 0." }, "personal_loan_rate_pct": { "type": "number", "maximum": 36, "minimum": 0, "description": "Personal loan interest rate in percent (not the APR), 0 to 36. Default 11.9, the Federal Reserve G.19 average on 24-month bank loans (Q3 2026)." } }, "additionalProperties": false }

401k.loans: 401(k) loan and withdrawal calculators

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calculate_401k_early_withdrawal Read-only

401k.loans: 401(k) loan and withdrawal calculators

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calculate_401k_early_withdrawal Read-only

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